Transcriptome profiling of Cysticercus Pisiformis provides insight into responses to host bile acids.

Bile acids in host intestine activate larvae of tapeworms and facilitate its invasion. However, the mechanism underlying this process is poorly understood. In order to better understand responses of tapeworms to host biles, we used RNA-Seq profiling method to study the transcriptomes of Cysticercus Pisiformis (larvae of Taenia Pisiformis) after host bile acid treatment.

Newly excysted juveniles of Fasciola gigantica trigger the release of water buffalo neutrophil extracellular traps in vitro.

Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) are the most abundant leukocytes and are among the first line of immune system defense. PMNs can form neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in response to some pathogens. The release of NETs plays an important role in trapping and killing invading parasites.

The effects of codon usage on the formation of secondary structures of nucleocapsid protein of peste des petits ruminants virus.

The nucleocapsid (N) protein of peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) with a conserved amino acid usage pattern plays an important role in viral replication. The primary objective of this study was to estimate roles of synonymous codon usages of PPRV N gene and tRNA abundances of host in the formation of secondary structure of N protein. The potential effects of synonymous codon usages of N gene and tRNA abundances of host on shaping different folding units (α-helix, β-strand and the coil) in N protein were estimated, based on the information about the modeling secondary structure of PPRV N protein.

The Regulatory Roles of ncRNA Rli60 in Adaptability of Listeria monocytogenes to Environmental Stress and Biofilm Formation.

Listeria monocytogenes is a facultative anaerobic Gram-positive bacterium. It is well adapted to external environments and able to infect both humans and animals. To understand the impacts of ncRNA Rli60 on the adaptability of L.

The roles of noncoding RNA Rli60 in regulating the virulence of Listeria monocytogenes.

Background: Listeria monocytogenes (LM) is an important zoonotic foodborne pathogen. Noncoding RNA (ncRNA) has an important role in regulating its virulence. As a member of ncRNA, however, the function of Rli60 in regulating LM virulence remain unclear.

Development and characterization of a recombinant infectious bronchitis virus expressing the ectodomain region of S1 gene of H120 strain.

Infectious bronchitis (IB), caused by infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), is a highly contagious chicken disease, and can lead to serious economic losses in poultry enterprises. The continual introduction of new IBV serotypes requires alternative strategies for the production of timely and safe vaccines against the emergence of variants. Modification of the IBV genome using reverse genetics is one way to generate recombinant IBVs as the candidates of new IBV vaccines.

The mitochondrial genome of Paramphistomum cervi (Digenea), the first representative for the family Paramphistomidae.

We determined the complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence of a fluke, Paramphistomum cervi (Digenea: Paramphistomidae). This genome (14,014 bp) is slightly larger than that of Clonorchis sinensis (13,875 bp), but smaller than those of other digenean species. The mt genome of P.

Mapping codon usage of the translation initiation region in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus genome.

Background: Porcine reproductive and respitatory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a recently emerged pathogen and severely affects swine populations worldwide. The replication of PRRSV is tightly controlled by viral gene expression and the codon usage of translation initiation region within each gene could potentially regulate the translation rate. Therefore, a better understanding of the codon usage pattern of the initiation translation region would shed light on the regulation of PRRSV gene expression.

A simple and rapid colloidal gold-based immunochromatogarpic strip test for detection of FMDV serotype A.

A sandwich format immunochromatographic assay for detecting foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotypes was developed. In this rapid test, affinity purified polyclonal antibodies from Guinea pigs which were immunized with sucking-mouse adapted FMD virus (A/AV88(L) strain) were conjugated to colloidal gold beads and used as the capture antibody, and affinity purified polyclonal antibodies from rabbits which were immunized with cell-culture adapted FMD virus (A/CHA/09 strain) were used as detector antibody. On the nitrocellulose membrane of the immunochromatographic strip, the capture antibody was laid on a sample pad, the detector antibody was printed at the test line(T) and goat anti-guinea pigs IgG antibodies were immobilized to the control line(C).

Promising multiple-epitope recombinant vaccine against foot-and-mouth disease virus type O in swine.

In order to develop a completely safe immunogen to replace the traditional inactivated vaccine, a tandem-repeat multiple-epitope recombinant vaccine against foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus (FMDV) type O was developed. It contained three copies each of residues 141 to 160 and 200 to 213 of VP1 of the O/China/99 strain of FMDV coupled with a swine immunoglobulin G heavy-chain constant region (scIgG). The data showed that the multiple-epitope recombinant vaccine elicited high titers of anti-FMDV specific antibodies in swine at 30 days postvaccination (dpv) and conferred complete protection against a challenge with 10³ 50% swine infective doses of the O/China/99 strain.

Development of an immunochromatographic strip for the rapid detection of Toxoplasma gondii circulating antigens.

We developed a rapid immunochromatographic strip (ICS) procedure that can detect circulating antigens in the blood of animals during the acute stage of toxoplasmosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate this test using sera from field samples and from experimentally infected animals. The sensitivity and specificity of the ICS were compared with those of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

An ELISA based on a truncated soluble ORF2 protein for the detection of PCV2 antibodies in domestic pigs.

Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) is an important swine disease that is closely associated with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2). The capsid protein (Cap protein) is a major structural protein that has at least three immunoreactive regions, and it can be a suitable candidate antigen for detecting the specific antibodies of a PCV2 infection. In the present study, an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (TcELISA) based on a truncated soluble Cap protein produced in Escherichia coli (E.

Development and validation of an ELISA using a protein encoded by ORF2 antigenic domain of porcine circovirus type 2.

Background: The capsid protein (ORF2) is a major structural protein of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2). A simple and reliable diagnostic method based on ORF2 protein immunoreactivity would serve as a valuable diagnostic method for detecting serum antibodies to PCV2 and monitoring PCV infection. Here, we reported an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA) by using an antigenic domain (113-147AA) of ORF2-encoded antigen, expressed in E.

[Construction and sequencing of full-length cDNA of peste des petits ruminants virus].

To develop a reverse genetics system of Peste des petits ruminants virus(PPRV), five pairs of oligonucleotide primers were designed on the basis of the full-length genomic sequence of PPRV Nigeria 75/ 1 strain. Using RT-PCR technique, five over-lapping cDNA fragments, designated as JF1, JF2, JF3, JF4 and JF5, respectively, were amplified, followed by cloning into pcDNA3.1(+)vector.

Complete mitochondrial genomes of Taenia multiceps, T. hydatigena and T. pisiformis: additional molecular markers for a tapeworm genus of human and animal health significance.

Background: Mitochondrial genomes provide a rich source of molecular variation of proven and widespread utility in molecular ecology, population genetics and evolutionary biology. The tapeworm genus Taenia includes a diversity of tapeworm parasites of significant human and veterinary importance. Here we add complete sequences of the mt genomes of T.

Simple method of monoclonal antibody production against mammalian cellular prion protein.

Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against prion protein (PrP) are powerful tools for diagnosis and research in transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. Ten MAbs to recombinant/native cellular PrP (PrPc) in mammals were prepared with a simple method and identified in detail. Normal BALB/c mice were immunized with the recombinant bovine mature PrP (rbomPrP) and PrP27-30 (rboPrP27-30) expressed in Escherichia coli.

Reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification for the rapid detection of infectious bronchitis virus in infected chicken tissues.

A reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay targeting the nucleocapsid phosphoprotein gene of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) was developed. The detection limits for the IBV RT-LAMP assay were 10(1) 50% egg infection dose (EID(50)) per 50 microl of titrated viruses and no cross-reaction of IBV RT-LAMP was found when tested with other viruses including Newcastle disease virus (NDV), avian reovirus (ARV), and infectious laryngotrachietis virus (ILTV) due to their mismatch with IBV RT-LAMP primers. A total of 187 clinical tissues samples (88 blood, 62 kidney and 37 lung) were evaluated and compared to conventional RT-PCR.

[Observation on the ultrastructure of Taenia solium oncosphere].

Objective: To observe the ultrastructure of Taenia solium oncospheres.

Methods: Patients infected with Taenia solium were de-wormed by decoction arecae and pumpkin seeds to get the mature proglottids and collect eggs. The eggs were treated with sodium hypochlorite to break the eggshells.

[Investigation on echinococcosis in animals in Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture].

Objective: To make an investigation on echinococcosis among animals in Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture.

Methods: 21 villages from Maqu and Luqu counties were selected for the survey in August of 2004-September of 2007. Rodents were trapped in the field.

Rapid detection of porcine parvovirus DNA by sensitive loop-mediated isothermal amplification.

A method of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) was employed to develop a rapid and simple detection system for porcine parvovirus (PPV) DNA. The amplification could be finished in 45 min under isothermal condition at 62 degrees C by employing a set of four primers targeting VP2 gene of PPV. LAMP assay showed higher sensitivity than PCR, with a detection limit of 5 copies of PPV genomic DNA per reaction.

Development of reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification for rapid detection of H9 avian influenza virus.

Reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) is a unique gene amplification method that can be completed within 45 min at 63 degrees C. In this study, RT-LAMP was used to develop a rapid and sensitive laboratory diagnostic system for the H9 subtype of avian influenza virus (AIV). The experiment results from the reference strains demonstrated that the established RT-LAMP sensitivity was 10-fold higher than that of RT-PCR, with the detection limit of 10 copies per reaction, and no cross-reactivity was observed from the samples of other related viruses including H5N1, H3N2 subtype of AIV and Newcastle disease virus.

[Construction, expression and immunogenicity of eukaryotic vectors based on goat pox virus P32 gene].

The full-length P32 gene and the truncated P32 gene (MP-32) were amplified from the recombinant plasmid pMD-P32 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and cloned into pcDNA3. 1(+) and pcDNA3.1-CpG respectively.

Rapid discrimination of H5 and H9 subtypes of avian influenza viruses and Newcastle disease virus by multiplex RT-PCR.

Avian influenza and Newcastle disease are the highly contagious and most economically important diseases in poultry industry throughout the world. A multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (mRT-PCR) assay was developed for the rapid and specific discrimination of H5 and H9 subtypes of avian influenza viruses (AIV) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Three sets of specific primers were applied in the assay based on the sequences of the hemagglutinin gene of H5-AIV, H9-AIV and fusion protein gene of NDV.

[Gene cloning of ligand binding domain of porcine beta3 as FMDV receptor and preparation of its polyclonal antibody].

Aim: To clone and express the ligand binding domain (LBD) cDNA of porcine integrin beta3 as foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) receptor and prepare its polyclonal antibody.

Methods: The LBD cDNA of porcine beta3 was obtained from the lung tissue of pig infected with FMDV by RT-PCR, and the recombinant plasmid pGEM/beta3LBD was constructed. After digested with BamH I/Xho I, the beta3LBD fragment was subcloned into prokaryotic expression vector pGEX 4T-1.