D30 Alleviates β2-Microglobulin-Facilitated Neurotoxic Microglial Responses in Isoflurane/Surgery-Induced Cognitive Dysfunction in Aged Mice.

Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common complication with no effective treatment in elderly patients. POCD, Alzheimer disease (AD), and many other cognitive diseases mostly involve neurotoxic microglia response, and recently, β2-microglobulin (B2M) has been suggested to play a pivotal role. A novel pyromeconic acid-styrene hybrid compound D30 was synthesized by our team and shown to be safe and effective in some neurodegenerative mouse models.

Research progress on isotope tracing on the sources and transformations of reactive nitrogen in the earth-atmosphere system.

Since the Industrial Revolution, human activities have led to a rapid and sustained increase in reactive nitrogen production, resulting in nitrogen enrichment at the Earth's surface and triggering many ecological and environmental issues. Stable isotopes are effective tools for tracing the sources and mechanisms of environmental processes. The nitrogen isotope values in surface environments integrate the isotope signatures of different nitrogen sources and the isotope fractionation effects of transformation processes.

An NMR study on the keto-enol tautomerism of 1,3-dicarbonyl drug precursors.

The effective implementation of drug precursor legislation has driven the innovation and design of new alternative substances. The application of 1,3-dicarbonyl precursors as alternative precursors for the synthesis of 1-phenyl-2-propanone (P2P) and 3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl-2-propanone (MDP2P) has created new challenges to legal control. Their 1,3-dicarbonyl structure allows the precursors to exist as an equilibrium mixture of the tautomeric diketo and keto-enolic forms during the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis.

Global distribution and drivers of relative contributions among soil nitrogen sources to terrestrial plants.

Soil extractable nitrate, ammonium, and organic nitrogen (N) are essential N sources supporting primary productivity and regulating species composition of terrestrial plants. However, it remains unclear how plants utilize these N sources and how surface-earth environments regulate plant N utilization. Here, we establish a framework to analyze observational data of natural N isotopes in plants and soils globally, we quantify fractional contributions of soil nitrate (f), ammonium (f), and organic N (f) to plant-used N in soils.

Risk factors and prediction model construction for peripherally inserted central catheter-related infections.

Objective: To establish a predictive modeling for the risk of bloodstream infection associated with peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC).

Methods: Patients receiving PICC treatment in Shenzhen People's Hospital from June 2020 to December 2020 were retrospectively enrolled and divided into the infection group and the non-infection group according to the presence and absence of PICC-related infections. Then, relevant clinical information of patients was collected and the predictors of PICC-related infection were screened by the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression (LASSO) model.

Discrimination of opium from Afghanistan and Myanmar by infrared spectroscopy coupled with machine learning methods.

Afghanistan and Myanmar are two overwhelming opium production places. In this study, rapid and efficient methods for distinguishing opium from Afghanistan and Myanmar were developed using infrared spectroscopy (IR) coupled with multiple machine learning (ML) methods for the first time. A total of 146 authentic opium samples were analyzed by mid-IR (MIR) and near-IR (NIR), within them 116 were used for model training and 30 were used for model validation.

Geographical classification of opium samples from Myanmar and Afghanistan by NMR profiling and chemometrics.

This study presents a new strategy to discriminate between opium samples obtained from different geographical regions. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) profiling and chemometrics were applied to geographical classification of opium originating from Myanmar and Afghanistan, which are two major opium producing countries in the world. A total of 50 Myanmar and 46 Afghanistan authentic opium samples were analyzed by H-NMR, and the chemical profiles were characterized.

NeuroD1 administration ameliorated neuroinflammation and boosted neurogenesis in a mouse model of subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Background: Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) causes significant long-term neurocognitive dysfunction, which is associated with hippocampal neuroinflammation. Growing evidences have shown that astrocytes played a significant role in mediating neuroinflammation. Recently, in vivo reprogramming of astrocytes to neurons by NeuroD1 or PTBP1 administration has generated a lot of interests and controversies.

Clinical and Computed Tomography Features Associated with Multidrug-Resistant Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Retrospective Study in China.

Purpose: To explore the value of integrating clinical and computed tomography (CT) features to predict multidrug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis (MDR-PTB).

Patients And Methods: The study included 212 patients with MDR-PTB and 180 patients with drug-sensitive pulmonary tuberculosis (DS-PTB) who referred to our institute in China between January 2016 and March 2021. The clinical and CT characteristics were analyzed and compared between both groups.

Significant contributions of combustion-related sources to ammonia emissions.

Atmospheric ammonia (NH) and ammonium (NH) can substantially influence air quality, ecosystems, and climate. NH volatilization from fertilizers and wastes (v-NH) has long been assumed to be the primary NH source, but the contribution of combustion-related NH (c-NH, mainly fossil fuels and biomass burning) remains unconstrained. Here, we collated nitrogen isotopes of atmospheric NH and NH and established a robust method to differentiate v-NH and c-NH.

Effectiveness of perampanel in the treatment of pediatric patients with focal epilepsy and ESES: A single-center retrospective study.

To investigate the therapeutic effect and influencing factors of perampanel (PER) on electrical status epilepticus during sleep (ESES). We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of pediatric patients with focal epilepsy and ESES who were treated at the Epilepsy Center of Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University between January 2016 and March 2022. Changes in the spike wave index (SWI) after 24 weeks of PER add-on treatment were compared.

CT findings of infection among HIV patients with lymphadenopathy.

Background: (. ) is an opportunistic fungal pathogen commonly found in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients that often infects lymph nodes. Knowledge about the computed tomography (CT) characteristics of .

Isotopic constraints confirm the significant role of microbial nitrogen oxides emissions from the land and ocean environment.

Nitrogen oxides (NO, the sum of nitric oxide (NO) and N dioxide (NO)) emissions and deposition have increased markedly over the past several decades, resulting in many adverse outcomes in both terrestrial and oceanic environments. However, because the microbial NO emissions have been substantially underestimated on the land and unconstrained in the ocean, the global microbial NO emissions and their importance relative to the known fossil-fuel NO emissions remain unclear. Here we complied data on stable N isotopes of nitrate in atmospheric particulates over the land and ocean to ground-truth estimates of NO emissions worldwide.

Source oxygen contributions of primary nitrate emitted from biomass burning.

Atmospheric nitrate (NO) produced by photochemical oxidation in the atmosphere has high oxygen isotope ratios (δO values). Recently, the primary NO emitted from combustion sources was found to have much lower δO values. However, it is unclear how and to what extents the low δO signatures were controlled by major O sources during the primary NO formation of combustion processes.

Efficient construction of diverse spiro[indoline-3,4'-pyrrolo[3,4-]pyridines] [3 + 3] cycloaddition of MBH carbonates of isatins with β-enamino maleimides.

An efficient method to construct unique spiro[indoline-3,4'-pyrrolo[3,4-]pyridines] was successfully developed a DABCO promoted formal [3 + 3] cycloaddition reaction of MBH carbonates of isatins with β-enamino maleimides in acetonitrile at room temperature. This reaction afforded multifunctionalized spiro[indoline-3,4'-pyrrolo[3,4-]pyridines] and spiro[dipyrrolo[3,4-:3',4'-]pyridine-8,3'-indolines] in good yields and with lower diastereoselectivity. The relative configuration of the two diasteromers of the spiro compounds was clearly elucidated by the determination of eight single crystal structures.

Plant nitrogen-use strategies and their responses to the urban elevation of atmospheric nitrogen deposition in southwestern China.

The elevation of nitrogen (N) deposition by urbanization profoundly impacts the structure and function of surrounding forest ecosystems. Plants are major biomass sinks of external N inputs into forests. Yet, the N-use strategies of forest plants in many areas remain unconstrained in city areas, so their responses and adapting mechanisms to the elevated N deposition are open questions.

SP1 Promotes HDAC4 Expression and Inhibits HMGB1 Expression to Reduce Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammatory Response after Sepsis.

As a serious and elusive syndrome caused by infection, sepsis causes a high rate of mortality around the world. Our investigation aims at exploring the role and possible mechanism of specificity protein-1 (SP1) in the development of sepsis. A mouse model of sepsis was established by cecal ligation perforation, and a cellular model was stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), followed by determination of the SP1 expression.

Omega-3 fatty acids impair miR-1-3p-dependent Notch3 down-regulation and alleviate sepsis-induced intestinal injury.

Background: Sepsis is a troublesome syndrome that can cause intestinal injury and even high mortality rates. Omega-3 fatty acids (FAs) are known to protect against intestinal damage. Accordingly, the current study set out to explore if omega-3 FAs could affect sepsis-induced intestinal injury with the involvement of the microRNA (miR)-1-3p/Notch3-Smad axis.

A new isotope framework to decipher leaf-root nitrogen allocation and assimilation among plants in a tropical invaded ecosystem.

Exotic plant invasion is an urgent issue occurring in the biosphere, which can be stimulated by environmental nitrogen (N) loading. However, the allocation and assimilation of soil N sources between leaves and roots remain unclear for plants in invaded ecosystems, which hampers the understanding of mechanisms behind the expansion of invasive plants and the co-existence of native plants. This work established a new framework to use N concentrations and isotopes of soils, roots, and leaves to quantitatively decipher intra-plant N allocation and assimilation among plant species under no invasion and under the invasion of Chromolaena odorata and Ageratina adenophora in a tropical ecosystem of SW China.