Combined ozonation-biological activated carbon process for antibiotic resistance control in treated effluent from wastewater treatment plant.

Biological activated carbon (BAC) treatment plays a crucial role in wastewater treatment plants due to its economic and effective promotion of organic matter degradation or mineralization. However, whether the changes in antibiotic resistance (AR) resulting from BAC or O-BAC treatment are related to environmental factors remains unclear, as previous studies have primarily focused on isolated aspects, or have combined these aspects without systematically comparing the BAC and O-BAC treatment processes or analyzing their interrelationships. In this study, to gain a clearer understanding of the factors related to AR during the BAC treatment, the treatment process of BAC and O-BAC were comprehensively compared, including antibiotics removal, wastewater matrix changes, antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB), antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), and bacterial community characteristics.

Defence-relevant gene expression differences in hatchlings among wild Newfoundland and farmed European and North American Atlantic salmon and their hybrids.

Escape of genetically distinct farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) raises concerns about their potential interactions with wild populations and the disruption of local adaptation through genetic admixture. It is often unknown whether genetic origin or common domestication effects will have a greater influence on consequences posed by escaped farmed fish. Previous work showed that domestication could have prevalent effects on the behaviour and growth of farmed salmon, independent of their genetic origin.

Transcriptomic response of lumpfish () head kidney to viral mimic, with a focus on the family.

The economic importance of lumpfish () is increasing, but several aspects of its immune responses are not well understood. To discover genes and mechanisms involved in the lumpfish antiviral response, fish were intraperitoneally injected with either the viral mimic polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)] or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; vehicle control), and head kidneys were sampled 24 hours post-injection (hpi) for transcriptomic analyses. RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) (adjusted p-value <0.

Characterization of the impact of dietary immunostimulant CpG on the expression of mRNA biomarkers involved in the immune responses in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar).

Infectious diseases have significantly impacted Atlantic salmon aquaculture worldwide. Modulating fish immunity with immunostimulant-containing functional feeds could be an effective strategy in mitigating disease problems. Previously, we characterized the impact of polyriboinosinic polyribocytidylic acid (pIC) and formalin-killed typical Aeromonas salmonicida bacterin on miRNA expression in Atlantic salmon fed a commercial diet with and without immunostimulant CpG.

Conventional Hydrothermal Synthesis of MFI Zeolite in Methanol Solution.

The synthesis of zeolites through more efficient, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective methods was deemed significant in both industrial applications and academic fields. Conventional hydrothermal synthesis strategies have encountered difficulties in producing pure silica MFI zeolite (silicalite-1) under amine-free conditions. This was primarily attributed to the competitive growth of quartz, keatite, or magadiite during the crystallization process.

Vegetable omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids differentially modulate the antiviral and antibacterial immune responses of Atlantic salmon.

The immunomodulatory effects of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are a crucial subject of investigation for sustainable fish aquaculture, as fish oil is increasingly replaced by terrestrial vegetable oils in aquafeeds. Unlike previous research focusing on fish oil replacement with vegetable alternatives, our study explored how the omega-6 to omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratio in low-fish oil aquafeeds influences Atlantic salmon's antiviral and antibacterial immune responses. Atlantic salmon were fed aquafeeds rich in soy oil (high in omega-6) or linseed oil (high in omega-3) for 12 weeks and then challenged with bacterial (formalin-killed Aeromonas salmonicida) or viral-like (polyriboinosinic polyribocytidylic acid) antigens.

Cross-Modal Retrieval Between C NMR Spectra and Structures Based on Focused Libraries.

Library matching by comparing carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (C NMR) spectra with spectral data in the library is a crucial method for compound identification. In our previous paper, we introduced a deep contrastive learning system called CReSS, which used a library that contained more structures. However, CReSS has two limitations: there were no unknown structures in the library, and a redundant library reduces the structure-elucidation accuracy.

Targeting the Subpocket Enables the Discovery of Thiadiazole-Pyridazine Derivatives as Glutaminase C Inhibitors.

As glutaminase C (GAC) has become an attractive target for cancer treatment by regulating glutaminolysis, thus, interest in GAC inhibitors has risen in recent years. Herein, a potential binding subpocket comprising basic residues was identified, and through extensive structure-activity relationship studies, promising inhibitors and were identified with robust GAC inhibitory activity and A549 cell antiproliferative activity. X-ray crystallography of the -GAC and -GAC complexes revealed a novel binding mode against GAC.

Advances in the Application of Artificial Intelligence-Based Spectral Data Interpretation: A Perspective.

The interpretation of spectral data, including mass, nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared, and ultraviolet-visible spectra, is critical for obtaining molecular structural information. The development of advanced sensing technology has multiplied the amount of available spectral data. Chemical experts must use basic principles corresponding to the spectral information generated by molecular fragments and functional groups.

CMGN: a conditional molecular generation net to design target-specific molecules with desired properties.

The rational design of chemical entities with desired properties for a specific target is a long-standing challenge in drug design. Generative neural networks have emerged as a powerful approach to sample novel molecules with specific properties, termed as inverse drug design. However, generating molecules with biological activity against certain targets and predefined drug properties still remains challenging.

Nutritional immunomodulation of Atlantic salmon response to bacterin.

We investigated the immunomodulatory effect of varying levels of dietary ω6/ω3 fatty acids (FA) on Atlantic salmon () antibacterial response. Two groups were fed either high-18:3ω3 or high-18:2ω6 FA diets for 8 weeks, and a third group was fed for 4 weeks on the high-18:2ω6 diet followed by 4 weeks on the high-18:3ω3 diet and termed "switched-diet". Following the second 4 weeks of feeding (i.

Reverse Transcription-Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR) for Gene Expression Analyses.

The reverse transcription-quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) is considered to be the gold standard for gene expression research. However, for this claim to be valid, RT-qPCR studies must test and optimize the quality of its RNA templates and assays. This chapter describes the experimental procedures required to generate reliable and reproducible gene expression results using RT-qPCR.

Gill and Liver Transcript Expression Changes Associated With Gill Damage in Atlantic Salmon ().

Gill damage represents a significant challenge in the teleost fish aquaculture industry globally, due to the gill's involvement in several vital functions and direct contact with the surrounding environment. To examine the local and systemic effects accompanying gill damage (which is likely to negatively affect gill function) of Atlantic salmon, we performed a field sampling to collect gill and liver tissue after several environmental insults (e.g.

Interacting Effects of Sea Louse () Infection and Formalin-Killed on Atlantic Salmon Skin Transcriptome.

(sea lice) and bacterial co-infection threatens wild and farmed Atlantic salmon performance and welfare. In the present study, pre-adult -infected and non-infected salmon were intraperitoneally injected with either formalin-killed bacterin (ASAL) or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Dorsal skin samples from each injection/infection group (PBS/no lice, PBS/lice, ASAL/no lice, and ASAL/lice) were collected at 24 h post-injection and used for transcriptome profiling using a 44K salmonid microarray platform.

Global gene expression responses of Atlantic salmon skin to Moritella viscosa.

Moritella viscosa is a Gram-negative pathogen that causes large, chronic ulcers, known as winter-ulcer disease, in the skin of several fish species including Atlantic salmon. We used a bath challenge approach to profile the transcriptome responses of M. viscosa-infected Atlantic salmon skin at the lesion (Mv-At) and away from the lesion (Mv-Aw) sites.

Distinct early life stage gene expression effects of hybridization among European and North American farmed and wild Atlantic salmon populations.

Due to multigeneration domestication selection, farmed and wild Atlantic salmon diverge genetically, which raises concerns about potential genetic interactions among escaped farmed and wild populations and disruption of local adaptation through introgression. When farmed strains of distant geographic origin are used, it is unknown whether the genetic consequences posed by escaped farmed fish will be greater than if more locally derived strains are used. Quantifying gene transcript expression differences among divergent farmed, wild and F  hybrids under controlled conditions is one of the ways to explore the consequences of hybridization.

Transcriptome Profiling of Atlantic Salmon () Parr With Higher and Lower Pathogen Loads Following Infection.

Salmonid rickettsial septicemia (SRS), caused by , is one of the most devastating diseases of salmonids. However, the transcriptomic responses of Atlantic salmon () in freshwater to an EM-90-like isolate have not been explored. Here, we infected Atlantic salmon parr with an EM-90-like isolate and conducted time-course qPCR analyses of pathogen load and four biomarkers (, , , ) of innate immunity on the head kidney samples.

Influence of Varying Dietary ω6 to ω3 Fatty Acid Ratios on the Hepatic Transcriptome, and Association with Phenotypic Traits (Growth, Somatic Indices, and Tissue Lipid Composition), in Atlantic Salmon ().

The importance of dietary omega-6 to omega-3 (ω6:ω3) fatty acid (FA) ratios for human health has been extensively examined. However, its impact on fish physiology, and the underlying molecular mechanisms, are less well understood. This study investigated the influence of plant-based diets (12-week exposure) with varying ω6:ω3 (0.

RNA-seq analysis of the mantle transcriptome from Mytilus edulis during a seasonal spawning event in deep and shallow water culture sites on the northeast coast of Newfoundland, Canada.

The blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) has global commercial and ecological importance both in wild and cultured conditions. However there is a qualitative and quantitative lack of knowledge of the molecular mechanisms associated with its reproductive physiology, especially with reference to environmental interactions. Here we initiated a transcriptomic analysis (RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq)) of the mantle from both sexes sampled during a seasonal spawning event and from two culture depths (shallow-5 m; deep- 15 m).

The transcriptomic responses of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) to high temperature stress alone, and in combination with moderate hypoxia.

Background: Increases in ocean temperatures and in the frequency and severity of hypoxic events are expected with climate change, and may become a challenge for cultured Atlantic salmon and negatively affect their growth, immunology and welfare. Thus, we examined how an incremental temperature increase alone (Warm & Normoxic-WN: 12 → 20 °C; 1 °C week), and in combination with moderate hypoxia (Warm & Hypoxic-WH: ~ 70% air saturation), impacted the salmon's hepatic transcriptome expr\ession compared to control fish (CT: 12 °C, normoxic) using 44 K microarrays and qPCR.

Results: Overall, we identified 2894 differentially expressed probes (DEPs, FDR < 5%), that included 1111 shared DEPs, while 789 and 994 DEPs were specific to WN and WH fish, respectively.

[Remote sensing inversion of cultivated land fertility at county scale based on SWCI-NDVI feature space].

It is objective needs during utilization and management of regional cultivated land resource to use remote sensing to accurately and efficiently retrieve the status of cultivated land fertility at county level and realize the gradation of cultivated land rapidly. In this study, with Dongping County as a case, using Landsat TM satellite imagery and cultivated land fertility evaluation data, the moisture vegetation fertility index (MVFI) was constructed based on surface water capacity index (SWCI) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and then the optimal inversion model was optimized to obtain the best inversion model, which was further applied and verified at the county scale. The results showed that the correlation coefficient between MVFI and integrated fertility index (IFI) was -0.

Influence of Dietary Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and ω6 to ω3 Ratios on Head Kidney Lipid Composition and Expression of Fatty Acid and Eicosanoid Metabolism Genes in Atlantic Salmon ().

The interaction of dietary eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (EPA+DHA) levels with omega-6 to omega-3 ratios (ω6:ω3), and their impact on head kidney lipid metabolism in farmed fish, are not fully elucidated. We investigated the influence of five plant-based diets (12-week exposure) with varying EPA+DHA levels (0.3, 1.

Soil Salinity Inversion of Winter Wheat Areas Based on Satellite-Unmanned Aerial Vehicle-Ground Collaborative System in Coastal of the Yellow River Delta.

Soil salinization is an important factor affecting winter wheat growth in coastal areas. The rapid, accurate and efficient estimation of soil salt content is of great significance for agricultural production. The Kenli area in the Yellow River Delta was taken as the research area.