Diversity and Distribution of Methane Functional Microorganisms in Sedimentary Columns of Hongfeng Reservoir in Different Seasons.

Freshwater ecosystem is a significant natural source of CH emission in the atmosphere. To fully understand the dynamics of methane emissions in reservoirs, it is essential to grasp the temporal and vertical distribution patterns, as well as the factors that influence the methanogenic bacterial communities within the sediments. This study investigates the methane dynamics, carbon isotope fractionation (δCH), and abundance of functional microorganisms along the geochemical gradient in the in situ sedimentary column of Hongfeng Reservoir (China).

The impact of the Qinghai-Tibet highway on plant community and diversity.

Roads are an increasingly prevalent form of human activity that drives the decrease in plant community functions and threatens global biodiversity. However, few studies have focused on the changes in the function and diversity of alpine meadows caused by road infrastructure in the Tibetan Plateau. In this study, the changes in species diversity, functional diversity, and community stability were examined at different distances from the Qinghai-Tibet highway.

Spatiotemporal dynamics, community assembly and functional potential of sedimentary archaea in reservoirs: coaction of stochasticity and nutrient load.

Archaea participate in biogeochemical cycles in aquatic ecosystems, and deciphering their community dynamics and assembly mechanisms is key to understanding their ecological functions. Here, sediments from 12 selected reservoirs from the Wujiang and Pearl River basins in southwest China were investigated using 16S rRNA Illumina sequencing and quantitative PCR for archaeal abundance and richness in all seasons. Generally, archaeal abundance and α-diversity were significantly correlated with temperature; however, β-diversity analysis showed that community structures varied greatly among locations rather than seasons, indicating a distance-decay pattern with geographical variation.

The mutation spectrum of Parkinson-disease-related genes in early-onset Parkinson's disease in ethnic Chinese.

Background And Purpose: Recent genetic progress has shown many causative/risk genes linked to Parkinson's disease (PD), mainly in patients of European ancestry. The study aimed to investigate the PD-related genes and determine the mutational spectrum of early-onset PD in ethnic Chinese.

Methods: In this study, whole-exome sequencing and/or gene dosage analysis were performed in 704 early-onset PD (EOPD) patients (onset age ≤45 years) and 1866 controls.

Association Analysis of , and Polymorphisms in Chinese Patients With Parkinson's Disease and Multiple System Atrophy.

The association between inflammation and neurodegeneration has long been observed in parkinson's disease (PD) and multiple system atrophy (MSA). Previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and meta-analyses have identified several risk loci in inflammation-associated genes associated with PD. To investigate whether polymorphisms in some inflammation-associated genes could modulate the risk of developing PD and MSA in a Southwest Chinese population.

Mutation analysis of seven SLC family transporters for early-onset Parkinson's disease in Chinese population.

The solute carrier (SLC) transporters have been suggested to play important roles in neurodegenerative disorders. Recently, seven SLC transporters were identified to be associated with Parkinson's disease (PD) by genome-wide association studies. However, few replications were conducted, and whether rare variants in these genes were associated with PD was not explored yet.

Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Small Molecule Gαq/11 Protein Inhibitors for the Treatment of Uveal Melanoma.

Uveal melanoma is the ocular malignancy and mainly driven by oncogenic mutations of Gαq/11 proteins. Previous targeted therapy for melanoma treatment was limited to specific downstream signaling pathway, and inhibiting the "molecular switches" G proteins for melanoma treatment therapy was rarely described. We herein report the discovery of imidazopiperazine derivatives as Gαq/11 protein inhibitors.

Tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 inhibitors in tumor-targeted therapies.

Src homology containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP2) represents a noteworthy target for various diseases, serving as a well-known oncogenic phosphatase in cancers. As a result of the low cell permeability and poor bioavailability, the traditional inhibitors targeting the protein tyrosine phosphate catalytic sites are generally suffered from unsatisfactory applied efficacy. Recently, a particularly large number of allosteric inhibitors with striking inhibitory potency on SHP2 have been identified.

Organocatalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Benzothiazolopyrimidines via [4 + 2] Cyclization of 2-Benzothiazolimines and Aldehydes.

We report the direct asymmetric synthesis of pyrimido[2,1-]benzothiazoles using a commercially available chiral amine catalyst. A variety of 2-benzothiazolimines and aldehydes were well tolerated under the reaction conditions and generated the corresponding products in 81-99% yields with excellent diastereoselectivities and enantioselectivities (up to >20:1 dr, 99% ee). Furthermore, the products could be easily converted to other useful chiral building blocks.

SQSTM1 variant that is linked to sporadic ALS exhibits impaired association with MAP1LC3 in cultured cells.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are genetically, pathologically and clinically-related progressive neurodegenerative diseases. Thus far, several variations have been identified in patients with ALS and FTD. However, it remains unclear how variations lead to neurodegeneration.

Mutation analysis of TMEM family members for early-onset Parkinson's disease in Chinese population.

Members of the transmembrane (TMEM) protein family have been identified to be associated with Parkinson's disease (PD) and other neurodegenerative disorders. However, most studies were based on the European-ancestry population and were still awaiting replications. Here, we aimed to systematically evaluate the associations of TMEMs with PD in a large Chinese early-onset PD (EOPD, age at onset <50 years) cohort.

Creatine kinase in the diagnosis and prognostic prediction of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a retrospective case-control study.

Creatine kinase is a muscle enzyme that has been reported at various levels in different studies involving patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In the present retrospective case-control study, we included 582 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and 582 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. All amyotrophic lateral sclerosis participants received treatment in the Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, China, between May 2008 and December 2018.

Mutation analysis of LRP10 in a large Chinese familial Parkinson disease cohort.

Recently, LRP10 has been identified as a causative gene for Parkinson's disease (PD). However, subsequent studies showed inconsistent conclusions. To explore its relevance to PD, we systematically analyzed LRP10 rare mutations in a large Han Chinese familial PD cohort of 385 unrelated probands using segregation analysis, transcriptional effect analysis, and burden test.

Mutation Analysis of DNAJC Family for Early-Onset Parkinson's Disease in a Chinese Cohort.

Background: Recently, members of the DnaJ homolog C (DNAJC) family have been identified to be associated with Parkinson's disease (PD) and other neurodegenerative disorders. However, most studies are based on European-ancestry population and no comprehensive analysis is further conducted.

Objectives: In this study, we aim to systematically explore the associations of DNAJCs by genetic analysis in a large Chinese early-onset PD (EOPD) cohort.

Asymmetric Synthesis of Oxindole-Derived Vicinal Tetrasubstituted Acyclic Amino Acid Derivatives by the Mannich-Type Reaction.

The catalytic asymmetric Mannich-type reaction of 3-hydroxy/3-aminooxindoles with 2-aminoacrylates to afford oxindole-derived acyclic amino acid derivatives bearing vicinal tetrasubstituted stereocenters is reported. (DHQ)PHAL () and quinine-derived squaramide () were identified as efficient catalysts. Transformations of the Mannich-type reaction products highlight the utility of this synthetic strategy.

Asymmetric Total Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of the Natural PDE4 Inhibitor Toddacoumalone.

We describe herein the first asymmetric total synthesis and biological evaluation of the natural PDE4 inhibitor toddacoumalone and its stereoisomers. The key step of the total synthesis is a formal asymmetric [4 + 2] cycloaddition reaction catalyzed by chiral secondary amine catalysts. A variety of pyranoquinolinones and 3-methylcrotonaldehyde are well tolerated under the optimized reaction conditions, which paved the way for further SAR studies.

Water management impacts the soil microbial communities and total arsenic and methylated arsenicals in rice grains.

The bioavailability of the metalloid arsenic (As) in paddy soil is controlled by microbial cycling of As and other elements such as iron (Fe) and sulfur (S), which are strongly influenced by water management in paddy fields. In this study, we evaluated how water management affects As bioavailability by growing rice plants in a geogenic As-contaminated soil. We determined As speciation in soil porewater and the diversity of the associated microbial community.