A Novel Lactam and Two Rare Mycophenolic Acid Derivatives from the Fungus Penicillium Sclerotiorum JBHL321.

A novel lactam penicillactam (1), two rare mycophenolic acid (MPA) derivatives penimycophens A and B (2 and 3), together with two known biogenetically related MPA derivatives (4 and 5) and a known alkaloid (6) were isolated from the Penicillium sclerotiorum JBHL321. The structures of these compounds were determined by comprehensive spectroscopic analyses. The absolute configuration of 1 was confirmed by electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations.

New Indole Alkaloids from the Fungus Talaromyces assiutensis JTY2.

Three new indole alkaloids, named talatensindoids A-C (1-3), together with two known biogenetically related indole alkaloids tryptamine (4) and L-tryptophan (5) were isolated from the Talaromyces assiutensis JTY2 based on the guidance of OSMAC approach. The structures of these indole alkaloids were determined by comprehensive spectroscopic analyses. The absolute configuration of 3 was confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis.

[Two new benzyl-benzoate glucosides from Plumeria rubra].

The components with hypoglycemic activity in Plumeria rubra were isolated and purified by various column chromatography techniques and activity tracing methods. The physical and chemical properties of all the purified monomer compounds were characterized and analyzed, and a total of six compounds were isolated and identified, including 6″-acetyl-6-hydroxy-benzyl-benzoate-2-O-β-D-glucoside(1), 6-acetyl-6-hydroxy-benzyl-benzoate-2-O-β-D-glucoside-(1→6″)-β-D-glucoside(2), 2-hydroxy-6-methoxy-benzyl-benzoate-2-O-β-D-glucoside(3), 6-hydroxy-benzyl-benzoate-2-O-β-D-glucoside(4), 6-hydroxy-benzyl-benzoate-2-O-β-D-glucoside-(1→6″)-β-D-glucoside(5), and 6-hydroxy-benzyl-benzoate-2-O-β-D-glucoside-(1→6″)-β-D-xyloside(6). Compounds 1 and 2 were new compounds, and compounds 3-6 were isolated from Plumeria for the first time.

Bioactive 5/5/5/6 Four-Ring System Iridoids from Plumeria alba L.

Two rare 5/5/5/6 four-ring system iridoids, allamancins A and B (1 and 2) together with one known biogenetically related iridoid derivative, 3-O-methyallamancin (3) were isolated from the flowers of Plumeria alba L. The structures of these iridoid derivatives were determined by comprehensive spectroscopic analyses. The absolute configuration of 1 was confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis.

Alkaloids from the stems of Merr. inhibit the proliferation of synoviocytes.

Two new aporphine-derived alkaloids, aporaloids C and D ( and ), along with eight known biogenetically related alkaloids (-) were isolated from the stems of Merr. Their structures were elucidated by detailed analysis of NMR, HRESIMS, MS, IR, UV and Optical rotations data. Compounds and represent a rare example of -methylol aporphine-derived alkaloids from natural sources.

Guaiane-Type Sesquiterpenes from the Stems of Fissistigma oldhamii.

Two new guaiane-type sesquiterpenes dysodensiols J and L, one new natural product dysodensiol K together with four known biogenetically related guaiane-type sesquiterpenes were isolated from the stems of Fissistigma oldhamii. Their structures were elucidated by detailed analysis of NMR, HR-ESI-MS, IR and Optical rotations data. Compound 1 contains an uncommon five-membered ether ring.

Four New Polyhydroxy Cyclohexanes from the Stems of Fissistigma tientangense.

Four undescribed polyhydroxy cyclohexanes, fissoxhydrylenes A-D (1-4), together with two known biogenetically related polyhydroxy cyclohexanes (5 and 6) were isolated from the stems of Fissistigma tientangense Tsiang et P. T. Li.

Hsp90 could promote BmNPV proliferation by interacting with Actin-4 and enhance its expression.

As a highly infectious pathogen, Bombyx mori nuclear polyhedrosis virus (BmNPV) has a high lethality rate in silkworm. Our previous study have confirmed that Hsp90 plays a positive role in BmNPV proliferation and Hsp90 inhibitor, geldanamycin (GA) can decrease the replication of BmNPV in vitro. However, its molecular mechanism is not fully understood.

LincRNA_XR209691.3 could promote Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus replication by interacting with BmHSP70.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), a class of transcripts exceeding 200 nucleotides and lacking protein coding potential, have been proven to play important roles in viral infection and host immunity. Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) is an important pathogen, which causes the silkworm disease and leads to a huge challenge to the sericultural industry. At present, research on the roles of insect lncRNAs in host-virus interaction are relatively few.

Three new long-chain polyenes from the mangrove-derived fungus JX4.

One new epimer pair of long-chain polyenes penicilqueis E () and F (), and one new long-chain polyene pinophol G (), along with one known compound (), were obtained from EtOAc extract of the mangrove-derived fungus JX4. Their structures were elucidated by detailed analysis of comprehensive spectroscopic data. The inhibitory activities of all compounds against the nitric oxide (NO) production induced by lipopolysaccharide in mouse macrophage RAW 264.

Two new anthraquinone derivatives from H. S. Lo.

Two new anthraquinone derivatives sapranquinones A and B ( and ) together with two known biogenetically related anthraquinone derivatives ( and ) were isolated from the stems of H. S. Lo.

Saikosaponin D exerts antidepressant effect by regulating Homer1-mGluR5 and mTOR signaling in a rat model of chronic unpredictable mild stress.

Background: Many studies about depression have focused on the dysfunctional synaptic signaling in the hippocampus that drives the pathophysiology of depression. Radix Bupleuri has been used in China for over 2000 years to regulate liver-qi. Extracted from Radix Bupleuri, Saikosaponin D (SSD) is a pharmacologically active substance that has antidepressant effects.

Rare isotachin-derived from the Dasymaschalon rostratum fungus Penicillium tanzanicum ZY-5.

Four rare isotachin-derived, isotachins E-H (1-4), together with two known biogenetically related isotachin derivatives (5 and 6) were isolated from the solid rice fermentation of a fungus Penicillium tanzanicum ZY-5 obtained from a medicinal plant Dasymaschalon rostratum collected from the Changjiang County, Hainan Province, China. Their structures were elucidated using comprehensive spectroscopic methods. The single-crystal X-ray diffraction of compound 5 was determined.

Ethyl acetate extract of the flower inhibits osteoclastogenesis and suppresses NF-κB and MAPK pathways.

Banana flowers are consumed as a vegetable and traditionally used for managing several health problems including joint pain, a symptom of bone loss. Osteoclasts are key effector cells responsible for bone loss. Some flavonoids in banana flowers, such as quercetin and quercitrin, have been shown to be able to inhibit osteoclastogenesis.

Two novel aporphine-derived alkaloids from the stems of Fissistigma glaucescens.

Two novel aporphine-derived alkaloids, aporaloids A and B (1 and 2), together with eight known biogenetically related alkaloids (3-10), two known isoquinoline alkaloids (3 and 4), and six known aporphinoid alkaloids (5-10) were isolated from the stems of Fissistigma glaucescens. Their structures were elucidated using comprehensive spectroscopic methods. Compounds 1 and 2 represent the rare example of a six-membered lactone ring aporphine-derived alkaloids from natural products.

Sesquiterpenes from inhibiting the proliferation of synoviocytes.

Two new sesquiterpenes, litseachrandaevanes C and D ( and ), together with five known sesquiterpenes (), were isolated from the stems of (Hance) Merr. Their structures were elucidated using comprehensive spectroscopic methods. The inhibitory effect of all compounds on the proliferation of primary synovial cells was evaluated.

New alkaloids from the noni juice with potential α-glucosidase inhibitory activity.

Four new alkaloids, nonialkaloids A-D (1-4) and six known analogues (5-10) were isolated from the noni juice. Among the new compounds, 1 and 2 are indole alkaloids with a seven-membered fused N-heterocyclic ring, 3 and 4 are quaternary ammonium derivatives. The structures were elucidated by extensive NMR and MS analysis, while the absolute configurations of the stereogenic carbons were established based on quantum-chemical electronic circular dichroism calculations or the modified Mosher's method.

[Study on secondary metabolites of endophytic fungus Cladosporium sp. JJM22 hosted in Ceriops tagal].

Nine secondary metabolites(S)-5-hydroxy-4-methylchroman-2-one(1), 4-methoxynaphthalene-1,5-diol(2), 8-methoxynaphthalene-1,7-diol(3), 1,8-dimethoxynaphthalene(4),(2R,4S)-2,3-dihydro-2-methyl-benzopyran-4,5-diol(5),(2R,4R)-3,4-dihydro-4-methoxy-2-methyl-2H-1-benzopyran-5-ol(6), 7-O-α-D-ribosyl-2,3-dihydro-5-hydroxy-2-methyl-chromen-4-one(7),(R)-3-methoxyl-1-(2,6-dihydroxyphenyl)-butan-1-one(8) and helicascolide A(9) were isolated from endophytic fungus Cladosporium sp. JJM22 by using column chromatographies of silica gel and ODS, and semi-preparative HPLC. Their structures were analyzed on the basis of spectroscopic and chemical data, especially NMR and MS.

Xiaoyaosan Alleviates Hippocampal Glutamate-Induced Toxicity in the CUMS Rats via NR2B and PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway.

It is revealed that Xiaoyaosan could reduce glutamate level in the hippocampus of depressed rats, whose metabolism leads to the pathophysiology of depression. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study aims to explore the effect of Xiaoyaosan on glutamate metabolism, and how to regulate the excitatory injury caused by glutamate.

Five New Triene Derivatives from the Fungus Penicillium herquei JX4.

Five undescribed triene derivatives, pinophols B-F (2-6), together with one known compound, pinophol A (1), were obtained from the mangrove endophytic fungus Penicillium herquei JX4. The structures of compounds 1-6 were elucidated using IR, HR-ESI-MS, and NMR methods. The absolute configurations of compounds 1-6 were confirmed by comparing their experimental or calculated ECD spectra.

Two new bioactive secondary metabolites from the endophytic fungus JTY2.

One new lactone derivative helicascolide F (), one new pyrrolidine derivative talaromydine (), along with six known compounds (-) were isolated from the fungus JTY2. The structure of the new compounds and was determined by 1D and 2D NMR as well as by HRESIMS. The inhibitory activity of all compounds against six phytopathogenic fungi and three cancer cell lines was evaluated.