NMR Studies of the Interactions between Sialyllactoses and the Polysialytransferase Domain for Polysialylation Inhibition.

It is known that sialyllactose (SL) in mammalians is a major source of sialic acid (Sia), which can further form cytidine monophosphate sialic acid (CMP-Sia), and the final product is polysialic acid (polySia) using polysialyltransferases (polySTs) on the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM). This process is called NCAM polysialylation. The overexpression of polysialylation is strongly related to cancer cell migration, invasion, and metastasis.

The Bifunctional Effects of Lactoferrin (LFcinB11) in Inhibiting Neural Cell Adhesive Molecule (NCAM) Polysialylation and the Release of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs).

The expression of polysialic acid (polySia) on the neuronal cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) is called NCAM-polysialylation, which is strongly related to the migration and invasion of tumor cells and aggressive clinical status. Thus, it is important to select a proper drug to block tumor cell migration during clinical treatment. In this study, we proposed that lactoferrin (LFcinB11) may be a better candidate for inhibiting NCAM polysialylation when compared with CMP and low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH), which were determined based on our NMR studies.

The NMR studies of CMP inhibition of polysialylation.

The overexpression of polysialic acid (polySia) on neural cell adhesion molecules (NCAM) promotes hypersialylation, and thus benefits cancer cell migration and invasion. It has been proposed that the binding between the polysialyltransferase domain (PSTD) and CMP-Sia needs to be inhibited in order to block the effects of hypersialylation. In this study, CMP was confirmed to be a competitive inhibitor of polysialyltransferases (polySTs) in the presence of CMP-Sia and triSia (oligosialic acid trimer) based on the interactional features between molecules.

Metabolomics profiling to characterize cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice.

Cerebral ischemia, resulting from compromised blood flow, is one of the leading causes of death worldwide with limited therapeutic options. Potential deleterious injuries resulting from reperfusion therapies remain a clinical challenge for physicians. This study aimed to explore the metabolomic alterations during ischemia-reperfusion injury by employing metabolomic analysis coupled with gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS) and ultraperformance liquid chromatography quadrupole (UPLC/Q)-TOF-MS.

LncRNA NIPA1-SO confers atherosclerotic protection by suppressing the transmembrane protein NIPA1.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as important players in gene regulation and cardiovascular diseases. However, the roles of lncRNAs in atherosclerosis are poorly understood. In the present study, we found that the levels of NIPA1-SO were decreased while those of NIPA1 were increased in human atherosclerotic plaques.

Effect of sacubitril/valsartan on the occurrence of cardiac arrhythmias and the risk of sudden cardiac death in heart failure: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: Sacubitril/valsartan therapy reduced the risks of death and of hospitalization for heart failure (HF). HF and cardiac arrhythmias have shared physiological mechanisems. Therefore, sacubitril/valsartan may exhibit anti-arrhythmic properties in HF.

EPSTI1 promotes monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells in vitro via upregulating VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 expression.

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of arterial wall, and circulating monocyte adhesion to endothelial cells is a crucial step in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Epithelial-stromal interaction 1 (EPSTI1) is a novel gene, which is dramatically induced by epithelial-stromal interaction in human breast cancer. EPSTI1 expression is not only restricted to the breast but also in other normal tissues.

Nrf2 expands the intracellular pool of the chaperone AHSP in a cellular model of β-thalassemia.

In β-thalassemia, free α-globin chains are unstable and tend to aggregate or degrade, releasing toxic heme, porphyrins and iron, which produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). α-Hemoglobin-stabilizing protein (AHSP) is a potential modifier of β-thalassemia due to its ability to escort free α-globin and inhibit the cellular production of ROS. The influence of AHSP on the redox equilibrium raises the question of whether AHSP expression is regulated by components of ROS signaling pathways and/or canonical redox proteins.

Long non-coding RNA ACTA2-AS1 inhibits the cisplatin resistance of non-small cell lung cancer cells through inhibiting autophagy by suppressing TSC2.

Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) ACTA2-AS1 has been reported to play an important role in the progression of multiple human malignancies. The article aims to explore the role of ACTA2-AS1 on the cisplatin resistance of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). RT-qPCR was performed to investigate the expression of ACTA2-AS1 in cisplatin-resistant NSCLC cell lines.

Molecular Mechanism of Inhibition of Polysialyltransferase Domain (PSTD) by Heparin.

The polysialic acid (polySia) is a unique carbohydrate polymer produced on the surface of Neuronal Cell Adhesion Molecule (NCAM) in a number of cancer cells, and strongly correlates with the migration and invasion of tumor cells and with aggressive, metastatic disease and poor clinical prognosis in the clinic. Its synthesis is catalyzed by two polysialyltransferases (polySTs), ST8SiaIV (PST) and ST8SiaII (STX). Selective inhibition of polySTs, therefore, presents a therapeutic opportunity to inhibit tumor invasion and metastasis due to NCAM polysialylation.

Discontinuation of oral anticoagulation therapy after successful atrial fibrillation ablation: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies.

Background: The safety of discontinuing oral anticoagulant (OAC) therapy after atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation remains controversial. A meta-analysis was performed to assess the safety and feasibility of discontinuing OAC therapy after successful AF ablation.

Methods: PubMed and Embase were searched up to October 2020 for prospective cohort studies that reported the risk of thromboembolism (TE) after successful AF ablation in off-OAC and on-OAC groups.

The Long Noncoding RNA RP11-728F11.4 Promotes Atherosclerosis.

Objective: Noncoding RNAs are emerging as important players in gene regulation and cardiovascular diseases. Their roles in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis are not fully understood. The purpose of this study was to determine the role played by a previously uncharacterized long noncoding RNA, RP11-728F11.

Lipopolysaccharide Promotes Inflammatory Response via Enhancing IFIT1 Expression in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells.

Atherosclerosis is an immune inflammatory disease and a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. It is generally considered that a number of potent proinflammatory cytokines have a great influence on its pathogenesis, including IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and NF-κB. A growing amount of empirical evidence indicates that the mechanism of cardiac dysfunction caused by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the activation of inflammation, but the exact mechanism in atherosclerosis is still unclear.

Comparison of the Antioxidant Activities and Phenolic Content of Five Flowers by HPLC-DAD/MS-DPPH and Chemometrics.

The plants (family Caprifoliaceae) with strong antioxidant activity are used as potential health-supporting phytochemicals. Studying the detailed relationships between bioactive compounds and their antioxidant activity is important for further comprehensive development and application of them. In this paper, the antioxidant capacities and compositions of five species of flowers were investigated by using the online HPLC-DAD/MS-DPPH method.

Molecular Interactions of the Polysialytransferase Domain (PSTD) in ST8Sia IV with CMP-Sialic Acid and Polysialic Acid Required for Polysialylation of the Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule Proteins: An NMR Study.

Polysialic acid (polySia) is an unusual glycan that posttranslational modifies neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) proteins in mammalian cells. The up-regulated expression of polySia-NCAM is associated with tumor progression in many metastatic human cancers and in neurocognitive processes. Two members of the ST8Sia family of α2,8-polysialyltransferases (polySTs), ST8Sia II (STX) and ST8Sia IV (PST) both catalyze synthesis of polySia when activated cytidine monophosphate(CMP)-Sialic acid (CMP-Sia) is translocate into the lumen of the Golgi apparatus.

Atorvastatin inhibits pyroptosis through the lncRNA NEXN-AS1/NEXN pathway in human vascular endothelial cells.

Background And Aims: Many clinical trials have demonstrated that statins convey protective effects against atherosclerosis independent of cholesterol-lowering capacities. Other evidence indicates that pyroptosis, a type of programmed cell death, is likely involved in atherosclerosis, but the effects and mechanisms of statins on pyroptosis must be further revealed.

Methods: Here, we explored the effects and mechanisms of atorvastatin on pyroptosis in human vascular endothelial cells by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses.

A Possible Modulation Mechanism of Intramolecular and Intermolecular Interactions for NCAM Polysialylation and Cell Migration.

Polysialic acid (polySia) is a novel glycan that posttranslationally modifies neural cell adhesion molecules (NCAMs) in mammalian cells. Up-regulation of polySia-NCAM expression or NCAM polysialylation is associated with tumor cell migration and progression in many metastatic cancers and neurocognition. It has been known that two highly homologous mammalian polysialyltransferases (polySTs), ST8Sia II (STX) and ST8Sia IV (PST), can catalyze polysialylation of NCAM, and two polybasic domains, polybasic region (PBR) and polysialyltransferase domain (PSTD) in polySTs play key roles in affecting polyST activity or NCAM polysialylation.

The Inhibition of Polysialyltranseferase ST8SiaIV Through Heparin Binding to Polysialyltransferase Domain (PSTD).

Background: The polysialic acid (polySia) is a unique carbohydrate polymer produced on the surface Of Neuronal Cell Adhesion Molecule (NCAM) in a number of cancer cells, and strongly correlates with the migration and invasion of tumor cells and with aggressive, metastatic disease and poor clinical prognosis in the clinic. Its synthesis is catalyzed by two polysialyltransferases (polySTs), ST8SiaIV (PST) and ST8SiaII (STX). Selective inhibition of polySTs, therefore, presents a therapeutic opportunity to inhibit tumor invasion and metastasis due to NCAM polysialylation.

Self-Assembly and C-H⋅⋅⋅Anion Hydrogen Bonding of Palladium(II)-based Metallacalixarenes Using Pyridyl- or Phenyl-Bridged Di-Naphthoimidazoles.

Metal-directed self-assembly approaches led to the formation of two novel boat-shaped palladium(II)-based metallacalixarenes 1 (1 a, 1 b and 1 c) and 2 (2 a, 2 b and 2 c), by using the two new ligands 2,6-bis(1H-naphtho[2,3]imidazol-1-yl)pyridine (L ) and 1,3-bis(1H-naphtho[2,3]imidazol-1-yl)benzene (L ) with cis-coordinated Pd precursor (tmeda)Pd(ONO ) (tmeda=N, N, N', N'-tetra-methylethylenediamine), repectively. All complexes with different counterions were systematically characterized in solution, and their structures were determined by X-ray single crystallography analyses in the solid state. The crystal architectures were subtly regulated among different anions through two types (inter- and intra-)molecular C-H hydrogen bonding interactions and other weak interactions.

Two Trichome Birefringence-Like Proteins Mediate Xylan Acetylation, Which Is Essential for Leaf Blight Resistance in Rice.

Acetylation is a ubiquitous modification on cell wall polymers, which play a structural role in plant growth and stress defenses. However, the mechanisms for how crop plants accomplish cell wall polymer O-acetylation are largely unknown. Here, we report on the isolation and characterization of two trichome birefringence-like (tbl) mutants in rice (Oryza sativa), which are affected in xylan O-acetylation.

An Interdisciplinary Nutrition Support Team Improves Clinical and Hospitalized Outcomes of Esophageal Cancer Patients with Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy.

Background: The prevalence of malnutrition is very high in patients with cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether or not a nutrition support team (NST) could benefit esophageal cancer patients undergoing chemoradiotherapy (CRT).

Methods: Between June 2012 and April 2014, 50 esophageal cancer patients undergoing concurrent CRT were randomly assigned into two groups: The NST group and the control group.