κ-Opioid receptors are involved in enhanced cardioprotection by combined fentanyl and limb remote ischemic postconditioning.

Background: The combination of various interventions to obtain enhanced cardioprotection is always an important area of research focus. This randomized experiment was designed to assess whether combined fentanyl and limb remote ischemic postconditioning produced enhanced protection against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in an in vivo rat model, and to determine if κ-opioid receptors were implicated in the cardioprotection of these interventions.

Methods: Seventy-two rats were exposed to a 30-min myocardial ischemia followed by a 180-min reperfusion.

Combined Vagal Stimulation and Limb Remote Ischemic Perconditioning Enhances Cardioprotection via an Anti-inflammatory Pathway.

Various combined interventions to acquire enhanced cardioprotection are prevalent focuses of current research. This randomized experiment assessed whether combined vagal stimulation perconditioning (VSPerC) and limb remote ischemic perconditioning (LRIPerC) improved cardioprotection compared to the use of either treatment alone in an in vivo rat model of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. A total of 100 male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly allocated into five groups: sham group, ischemia/reperfusion (IR) group, VSPerC group, LRIPerC group, and combined VSPerC and LRIPerC (COMPerC) group.