Molecular mechanism of ensitrelvir inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 main protease and its variants.

SARS-CoV-2 poses an unprecedented threat to the world as the causative agent of the COVID-19 pandemic. Among a handful of therapeutics developed for the prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection, ensitrelvir is the first noncovalent and nonpeptide oral inhibitor targeting the main protease (M) of SARS-CoV-2, which recently received emergency regulatory approval in Japan. Here we determined a 1.

DPP-4 inhibitor saxagliptin ameliorates oxygen deprivation/reoxygenation-induced brain endothelial injury.

Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death and disability among diabetes patients. Atherosclerosis-associated stroke is one of the most severe complications in diabetes patients. DPP-4 inhibitors are a class of potent anti-glycemic agents used to treat diabetes.

Anagliptin protects neuronal cells against endogenous amyloid β (Aβ)-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis.

Excessive generation and accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) fragments by familial mutations of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and presenilin 1 (PS1) play a key role in causing oxidative stress, mitochondrial abnormalities and neuronal apoptosis in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Anagliptin, a novel DPP-4 inhibitor, is a clinical drug for the management of type II diabetes approved for use in 2012. Little on the pharmacological function of anagliptin against Aβ-induced cytotoxicity in neuronal cells is known.

[Efficacy evaluation of specific immunotherapy with standardized house dust mite allergen preparation for allergic rhinitis].

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of specific immunotherapy (SIT) with standardized house dust mite allergen preparation for allergic rhinitis (AR).

Method: Fifty-five patients with allergic rhinitis caused by house dust mites were selected in this self-control study. Clinical efficacy was evaluated by symptom and sign score after two years of specific immunotherapy and compared with pre-treatment scores.

[Value of nasal endoscopy in the surgery of the nasal inverted papillomas].

Objective: To evaluate the curative effect of endoscopic surgery (ESS) in the treatment of inverted papillomas in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinus.

Method: We report on 16 clinicopathologic cases of inverted papilloma. After preoperative endoscopic examination and CT screening, endoscopic sinus surgery was performed under general anesthesia.