Effects of dietary nucleotide and yeast cell wall on growth performance, feed utilization, anti-oxidative and immune response of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella).

A 70-day feeding trial was conducted to study the effects of dietary nucleotide, yeast cell wall (containing 20% β -glucan) and their combination on growth performance, feed utilization and immune response of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) with 69.97 ± 0.05 g of initial body weight.

Effects of high ammonia concentrations on three cyprinid fish: Acute and whole-ecosystem chronic tests.

A number of studies have revealed ammonia to be toxic to aquatic organisms; however, little is known about its effects under natural conditions. To elucidate the role of ammonia, we conducted 96-h acute toxicity tests as well as a whole-ecosystem chronic toxicity test for one year in ten 600-m ponds. Three common cyprinids, silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Val.