Highly Bioadaptive Scaffolds with Tuned Porous Structure Templated by Xylan Nanocrystal High Internal Phase Pickering Emulsions.

Fabrication of traditional 3D cell culturing scaffolds requires synthetic polymers or additives, posing a risk of poor biocompatibility and low biodegradability. Pickering emulsions stabilized by biobased nanomaterials can be used as templates to produce scaffolds with facile tunable porous structure, excellent cytocompatibility, and biodegradability. In this study, very stable high internal phase Pickering emulsions (HIPPE) with an oil content of 80% were successfully prepared by xylan hydrate nanocrystals (XNC).

Effects of the Earth curvature on Mie-scattering radiances at high solar-sensor geometries based on Monte Carlo simulations.

Given the importance of vector radiative transfer models in ocean color remote sensing and a lack of suitable models capable of analyzing the Earth curvature effects on Mie-scattering radiances, this study presents an enhanced vector radiative transfer model for a spherical shell atmosphere geometry by the Monte Carlo method (MC-SRTM), considering the effects of Earth curvature, different atmospheric conditions, flat sea surface reflectance, polarization, high solar and sensor geometries, altitudes and wavelengths. A Monte Carlo photon transport model was employed to simulate the vector radiative transfer processes and their effects on the top-of-atmosphere (TOA) radiances. The accuracy of the MC-SRTM was verified by comparing its scalar model outputs from Henyey-Greenstein (HG) phase function with the Kattawar-Adams model results, and the mean relative differences were less than 2.

Monitoring and spatial traceability of river water quality using Sentinel-2 satellite images.

Due to limited monitoring stations along rivers, it is difficult to trace the specific locations of high pollution areas along the whole river by traditionally in situ measurement. High-spatiotemporal-resolution Sentinel-2 satellite images make it possible to routinely monitor and trace the spatial distributions of river water quality if reliable retrieval algorithms are available. This study took seven major rivers (Qiantang River (QTR), Cao'e River (CEJ), Yongjiang River (YJ), Jiaojiang River (JJ), Oujiang River (OJ), Feiyun River (FYR), and Aojiang River (AJ)) in Zhejiang Province, China, as examples to illustrate the spatial traceability of river water quality parameters (permanganate index (COD), total phosphorus (TP), and total nitrogen (TN)) from Sentinel-2 satellite images.

Spherical vector radiative transfer model for satellite ocean color remote sensing.

Atmospheric correction is the key step for satellite ocean color remote sensing. However, most of the existing atmospheric correction algorithms do not consider the effects of Earth curvature. In fact, Earth curvature has a significant impact on satellite observation signals under large solar zenith angles or large viewing zenith angles.

Atmospheric diffuse transmittance of the linear polarization component of water-leaving radiation.

The polarization characteristics of water-leaving radiation contain rich information on oceanic constituents. Determining the atmospheric diffuse transmittance is crucial for extracting the polarization information of water-leaving radiation from the radiation acquired by polarimetry satellites at the top of the atmosphere. However, there is still a lack of understanding of the atmospheric diffuse transmittance of the linear polarization component of water-leaving radiation.

Fabrications and applications of hemicellulose-based bio-adsorbents.

Super adsorbents exhibit great potential to remove pollutants from media or store considerable amounts of water, which may undermine the pressure triggered by environmental pollution and shortage of water resources. Super adsorbents made from biopolymers have been an attractive topic because of biodegradability, renewability and outstanding adsorption capacity. Hemicelluloses are a type of biopolymers very abundant in agricultural, forestry and pulping industrial wastes.

The Application of Polysaccharides and Their Derivatives in Pigment, Barrier, and Functional Paper Coatings.

As one of the most abundant natural polymers in nature, polysaccharides have the potential to replace petroleum-based polymers that are difficult to degrade in paper coatings. Polysaccharide molecules have a large number of hydroxyl groups that can bind strongly with paper fibers through hydrogen bonds. Chemical modification can also effectively improve the mechanical, barrier, and hydrophobic properties of polysaccharide-based coating layers and thus can further improve the related properties of coated paper.

Promoting the material properties of xylan-type hemicelluloses from the extraction step.

Using originally isolated xylan-type hemicelluloses for material application suffers from poor mechanical properties including low tensile strength and brittleness. The subsequent chemical modifications of hemicelluloses are facing the problems of high costs and toxic chemicals. Consequently, this study tried to investigate the factors affecting the film-forming properties of the originally isolated xylan-hemicelluloses and promoting their material properties from the extraction step.

Polyethyleneimine-bacterial cellulose bioadsorbent for effective removal of copper and lead ions from aqueous solution.

Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a green biopolymer suitable for heavy metal ion removal from aqueous solution due to its nano-porous microstructure. Polyethyleneimine-bacterial cellulose (PEI-BC) was prepared by reductive amination of dialdehyde BC with polyethyleneimine. The capacity of PEI-BC in Cu(II) and Pb(II) adsorption from aqueous solution was investigated.