Intradural disc herniation at the L2/3 level: a case report and literature review.

Background: Intradural lumbar disc herniation (ILDH) is special type of lumbar disc herniation in which the lumbar nucleus pulposus prolapses and enters the dura mater. ILDHs comprise 0.04-0.

Pullout strength of reinserted pedicle screws using the previous entry point and trajectory.

Purpose: This study compared the biomechanics of reinserted pedicle screws using the previous entry point and trajectory with those of correctly inserted pedicle screws.

Methods: The study used 18 lumbar vertebrae (L1-6) from three fresh calf spines to insert 6.5 × 40-mm pedicle screws.