Gut microbiota and microbial metabolites for osteoporosis.

Osteoporosis is an age-related bone metabolic disease. As an essential endocrine organ, the skeletal system is intricately connected with extraosseous organs. The crosstalk between bones and other organs supports this view.

Involvement of DJ-1 in the pathogenesis of intervertebral disc degeneration via hexokinase 2-mediated mitophagy.

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is an important pathological basis for degenerative spinal diseases and is involved in mitophagy dysfunction. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying mitophagy regulation in IDD remain unclear. This study aimed to clarify the role of DJ-1 in regulating mitophagy during IDD pathogenesis.

β-Receptor blocker enhances the anabolic effect of PTH after osteoporotic fracture.

The autonomic nervous system plays a crucial role in regulating bone metabolism, with sympathetic activation stimulating bone resorption and inhibiting bone formation. We found that fractures lead to increased sympathetic tone, enhanced osteoclast resorption, decreased osteoblast formation, and thus hastened systemic bone loss in ovariectomized (OVX) mice. However, the combined administration of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and the β-receptor blocker propranolol dramatically promoted systemic bone formation and osteoporotic fracture healing in OVX mice.

Estrogen deficiency induces bone loss through the gut microbiota.

Postmenopausal osteoporosis is a common bone metabolic disease, and gut microbiota (GM) imbalance plays an important role in the development of metabolic bone disease. Here, we show that ovariectomized mice had high levels of lipopolysaccharide in serum and gut microbiota dysbiosis through increases in luminal Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio. We depleted the GM through antibiotic treatment and observed improvements in bone mass, bone microstructure, and bone strength in ovariectomized mice.

DJ-1-mediated p62 degradation delays intervertebral disc degeneration by inhibiting apoptosis of nucleus pulposus cells.

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is the most important pathological basis of degenerative spinal diseases, for which effective interventions are still lacking. Oxidative stress is considered to be one of the leading pathological mechanisms contributing to IDD. However, the exact role of DJ-1 as an essential member of the antioxidant defense system in IDD is still unclear.

Association between weather and hip fracture in adults: a nationwide study in China 198 cities.

Unlabelled: Hip fractures represent a significant public health issue due to high incidence in aging society. Our study further proved that increased risk for hip fractures in adults is associated with weather conditions.

Purpose: Hip fractures represent a significant public health issue due to high incidence in aging society.

Pathophysiological mechanism of acute bone loss after fracture.

Background: Acute bone loss after fracture is associated with various effects on the complete recovery process and a risk of secondary fractures among patients. Studies have reported similarities in pathophysiological mechanisms involved in acute bone loss after fractures and osteoporosis. However, given the silence nature of bone loss and bone metabolism complexities, the actual underlying pathophysiological mechanisms have yet to be fully elucidated.

Simvastatin-hydroxyapatite coatings prevent biofilm formation and improve bone formation in implant-associated infections.

Implant-associated infections (IAIs) caused by biofilm formation are the most devastating complications of orthopedic surgery. Statins have been commonly and safely used drugs for hypercholesterolemia for many years. Here, we report that simvastatin-hydroxyapatite-coated titanium alloy prevents biofilm-associated infections.

Neurophysiological mechanisms of cancer-induced bone pain.

Background: Cancer-induced Bone Pain (CIBP) is an important factor affecting their quality of life of cancer survivors. In addition, current clinical practice and scientific research suggest that neuropathic pain is a representative component of CIBP. However, given the variability of cancer conditions and the complexity of neuropathic pain, related mechanisms have been continuously supplemented but have not been perfected.

Nonspherical Metal-Based Nanoarchitectures: Synthesis and Impact of Size, Shape, and Composition on Their Biological Activity.

Metal-based nanoentities, apart from being indispensable research tools, have found extensive use in the industrial and biomedical arena. Because their biological impacts are governed by factors such as size, shape, and composition, such issues must be taken into account when these materials are incorporated into multi-component ensembles for clinical applications. The size and shape (rods, wires, sheets, tubes, and cages) of metallic nanostructures influence cell viability by virtue of their varied geometry and physicochemical interactions with mammalian cell membranes.

Inhibition of LRRK2 restores parkin-mediated mitophagy and attenuates intervertebral disc degeneration.

Objective: To elucidate the role of LRRK2 in intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) as well as its mitophagy regulation mechanism.

Methods: The expression of LRRK2 in human degenerative nucleus pulposus tissues as well as in oxidative stress-induced rat nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) was detected by western blot. LRRK2 was knocked down in NPCs by lentivirus (LV)-shLRRK2 transfection; apoptosis and mitophagy were assessed by western blot, TUNEL assay, immunofluorescence staining and mitophagy detection assay in LRRK2-deficient NPCs under oxidative stress.

Endocrine Therapy for the Functional Recovery of Spinal Cord Injury.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a major cause of physical disability and leads to patient dissatisfaction with their quality of life. Patients with SCI usually exhibit severe clinical symptoms, including sensory and motor dysfunction below the injured levels, paraplegia, quadriplegia and urinary retention, which can exacerbate the substantial medical and social burdens. The major pathological change observed in SCI is inflammatory reaction, which induces demyelination, axonal degeneration, and the apoptosis and necrosis of neurons.

Controlled release of baricitinib from a thermos-responsive hydrogel system inhibits inflammation by suppressing JAK2/STAT3 pathway in acute spinal cord injury.

Aggressive inflammation is an important pathological process of secondary injury in acute spinal cord injury (SCI). However, traditional treatments of secondary injury in acute SCI have achieved little success. Novel biomaterials combined with small molecule drugs are considered as a potential treatment for SCI.

The Characteristics and Mortality of Osteoporosis, Osteomyelitis, or Rheumatoid Arthritis in the Diabetes Population: A Retrospective Study.

Background: Patients with diabetes mellitus are prone to develop osteoporosis, osteomyelitis, or rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Furthermore, the presence of these complications in those with diabetes may lead to higher mortality. The aim of our study was to assess characteristics and mortality of osteoporosis, osteomyelitis, or rheumatoid arthritis in individuals with diabetes.

Sinapic Acid Inhibits IL-1β-Induced Apoptosis and Catabolism in Nucleus Pulposus Cells and Ameliorates Intervertebral Disk Degeneration.

Background: Low back pain (LBP) is a very common condition and leads to serious pain, disability, and price tag all over the world. Intervertebral disk degeneration (IDD) is one of the major reasons that contributed to LBP. The levels of interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) increase significantly in degenerative disks.

Association between Bone Mineral Density and Severity of Chronic Kidney Disease.

Objective: We sought to evaluate the association between femoral neck (FN) and lumbar spine (LS) bone mineral densities (BMDs) with severity of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and prevalence of osteopenia or osteoporosis (OP) among the CKD group.

Methods: Cross-sectional data from 11050 participants aged ≥20 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were analyzed. Specifically, Pearson correlation was applied to analyze the relationship between BMD and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).

The endocrine role of bone: Novel functions of bone-derived cytokines.

Bone-derived cytokines refer to various proteins and peptides that are released from the skeleton and can distribute in organisms to regulate homeostasis by targeting many organs, such as the pancreas, brain, testicles, and kidneys. In addition to providing support and movement, many studies have disclosed the novel endocrine function of bone, and bone can modulate glucose and energy metabolism as well as phosphate metabolism by versatile bone-derived cytokines. However, this specific exoskeletonfunction of bone-derived cytokines in the regulation of homeostasis and the pathological response caused by skeletal dysfunction are still not very clear, and elucidation of the above mechanisms is of great significance for understanding the pathological processes of metabolic disorders and in the search for novel therapeutic measures for maintaining organ stability and physical fitness.

Can Acupuncture Improve Chronic Spinal Pain? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Study Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To investigate the effect and safety of acupuncture for the treatment of chronic spinal pain.

Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Web of Science, the WHO Clinical Trial Registry, and the US National Library of Medicine clinical trial registry were searched from January 1, 2000, to November 1, 2019.

Prognostic Nomograms to Predict Overall Survival and Cancer-specific Survival in Sacrum/Pelvic Chondrosarcoma (SC) Patients: A Population-based Propensity Score-matched Study.

Study Design: A longitudinal cohort study.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the prognostic factors and determine the difference between different surgery scopes. Nomograms were constructed and validated to predict overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) of sacrum/pelvic chondrosarcoma (SC) patients.

Real-World Evidence in Prescription Medication Use Among U.S. Adults with Neck Pain.

Introduction: Neck pain is a common condition that leads to serious pain, disability, and increased healthcare costs worldwide. Pharmacotherapy is one of the most common strategies to reduce neck pain in patients. The aim of this study was to analyze the real-world pattern of drugs prescribed for patients with neck pain in the USA.

Hydroxysafflor yellow A promotes multiterritory perforating flap survival: an experimental study.

The use of perforator flaps is a common surgical technique in wound repair. However, the area surrounding the multiterritory perforating flap often becomes necrotic due to ischemia. Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA), a traditional Chinese medicine extracted from edible safflower, can be used medicinally to promote angiogenesis, inhibit apoptosis, and alleviate oxidative stress and other biological activities.

Second primary malignancies among cancer patients.

Background: Rate of second primary malignancies (SPM) is steadily increasing over the last decades. New therapies, early diagnostic markers, screening tests for a larger number of individuals contribute to the increase prevalence of SPM. In the current study, we try to described the demographic composition of SPM victims, distribution of primary sites, and the impact of related factors on prognosis.