Publications by authors named "Xuanming Liu"
Article Synopsis
- Researchers successfully created an immortal cell line (MSF) from the fin tissue of Largemouth bass, which can be cultured continuously for over 80 passages.
- The MSF cells, maintained at 28°C and confirmed to be free from mycoplasma contamination, are identified as epithelialoid cells with specific chromosome characteristics.
- This new cell line is highly susceptible to various viruses affecting Largemouth bass, making it a valuable tool for future studies on gene expression and viral mechanics.
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- Auxin treatment changes mA modification on genes that respond to auxin.
- TRANSMEMBRANE KINASE 4 (TMK4) is involved in this process by phosphorylating FIP37, a key part of the mA methyltransferase complex.
- Phosphorylated FIP37 improves its interaction with RNA, promoting mA modification, which affects the stability of the NIT1 gene and ultimately alters auxin biosynthesis in plants.
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- Ferroptosis is a newly discovered form of iron-dependent cell death important for plant health and mutualistic relationships between microbes and hosts.
- Endophyte Streptomyces hygroscopicus OsiSh-2 induces moderate ferroptotic cell death in rice plants, which is crucial for optimal plant growth and establishing beneficial interactions.
- This process also enhances rice's defense mechanisms, improving resistance against diseases like rice blast, highlighting potential strategies for increasing crop yields.
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- Proper timing of flowering is essential for plant propagation, influenced significantly by light quality, with plants flowering earlier under low red/far-red light ratios.
- F-box of Flowering 2 (FOF2) interacts with VOZ1 and VOZ2, factors related to the R/FR light receptor phytochrome B (PHYB), affecting FOF2 protein stability depending on the light type.
- The study reveals a new mechanism where the PHYB-FOF2-VOZ2 module regulates flowering time by modulating FLC expression in response to varying light conditions.
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- Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) affects people of all ages, causing both psychological issues and hair loss.
- Topical Shen Bai hair growing decoction (TSBHGD) was developed from Traditional Chinese Medicine to effectively treat AGA, showing positive results in reducing inflammation and improving hair growth in studies.
- The research highlighted 35 chemical components in TSBHGD and identified significant regulation in signaling pathways related to cell death, suggesting a potential for more effective herbal formulations for AGA treatment.
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- The photocatalytic efficiency of carbon nitride (g-CN) is limited by structural defects that lead to rapid recombination of photogenerated charge carriers.
- By using density functional theory (DFT) to guide the modification of CN with benzene derivatives, researchers identified benzaldehyde as the optimal electron donor, enhancing charge transfer and narrowing the bandgap.
- The resulting photocatalyst, BzCN-2, demonstrated a significantly improved capacity for degrading tetracycline hydrochloride and showed a toxicity-mitigating effect during the removal process.
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- Improving rice quality involves understanding both genetic makeup and environmental effects, as traits can change depending on conditions.
- A study analyzed 141 hybrid combinations across five trial sites, revealing that later sowing improved rice quality and identified key parent lines with stable quality traits.
- Genetic analysis found 13 and 15 QTLs linked to phenotype plasticity and overall quality, with important implications for breeding high-quality rice under varying environmental conditions.
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- Soil salinity leads to oxidative stress and significant crop losses, but the protein STRK1 enhances rice's salt tolerance by activating CatC.
- The enzyme DHHC09 modifies STRK1 through S-acylation, allowing it to effectively manage H2O2 levels and improve salt stress resilience.
- Overexpressing DHHC09 in rice can reduce yield losses under salt stress, highlighting its potential for developing salt-tolerant rice varieties.
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- Soil arsenic is toxic to plants, but the endophyte Enterobacter sp. YG-14 can help absorb arsenic while promoting plant health and growth.
- Through a mutant strain (ΔentD), the study showed that YG-14 can mobilize iron and arsenic from soil by secreting enterobactin, making them more available to plants.
- The research found that YG-14 enhances arsenic accumulation in host plants and decreases oxidative damage, highlighting its potential for improving phytoremediation efforts.
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- Liriodendrin (LIR) enhances cardiac function in rats after a heart attack by reducing myocardial fibrosis, though its exact mechanism remains unclear.
- LIR was tested in a rat model divided into three groups: sham, myocardial infarction, and LIR treatment (100 mg/kg/day), with assessments via echocardiography and histological staining.
- Results showed that LIR improved heart function and structure by inhibiting autophagy, suggesting a mechanism linked to the activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
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- Catalase (CAT) is activated by phosphorylation to protect cells from hydrogen peroxide and stress, but its regulation by protein phosphatases is unclear.
- Researchers discovered a manganese-dependent protein phosphatase called PHOSPHATASE OF CATALASE 1 (PC1) in rice that negatively impacts salt and oxidative stress tolerance by dephosphorylating CAT.
- Overexpression of PC1 led to increased sensitivity to stresses, while knocking it out improved the plant's ability to handle these conditions, suggesting that PC1 is a key regulator of CAT activity and salt tolerance strategies in rice.
Article Synopsis
- LecRLKs (lectin receptor-like kinases) are a subgroup of receptor-like kinases that play important roles in how plants interact with their environment, but their specific impact on plant development is not well understood.
- In this study, rice mutant strains of the LecRLK member OsSRK1, created using the CRISPR/Cas9 technique, showed significantly decreased plant height and internode length compared to the wild type.
- Analysis revealed that OsSRK1 is crucial for regulating plant height and internode elongation through its interaction with the gibberellin receptor GID1, suggesting a key role for gibberellin signaling in this process.
Article Synopsis
- Endophytes significantly influence plant growth and immunity, but their disease resistance mechanisms are not fully understood.
- The study identified ShAM1, an α-mannosidase from the endophyte Streptomyces hygroscopicus OsiSh-2, which enhances resistance against the rice pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae by triggering immune responses through the jasmonic acid-ethylene signaling pathway.
- ShAM1's ability to release oligosaccharides from rice cell walls supports its role in activating plant defense mechanisms and suggests potential for using endophyte metabolites in managing plant diseases.
Article Synopsis
- Soil salinization is a significant problem for global crop production, particularly affecting rice growth and yield, making the enhancement of salt tolerance vital to meet food demands.
- Research shows that the SALT TOLERANCE KINASE (STK) gene, a type of receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase, plays a critical role in improving rice's response to salt stress by regulating other stress-related genes and enhancing its ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS).
- Overexpressing STK boosts rice's salt and oxidative stress tolerance, while knocking it out leads to increased sensitivity, highlighting STK's positive regulatory role in rice's antioxidant defense and its connection to the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway.
Article Synopsis
- Recent research has identified acetylation of N-cytidine (acC) as a new mRNA modification, influencing RNA stability, translation, and thermal stress response, although its presence in eukaryotes remains debated.
- In this study, acC was confirmed in the mRNAs of both Arabidopsis thaliana and rice, using RNA immunoprecipitation and sequencing (acRIP-seq) to create comprehensive atlases of this modification.
- Findings indicate that acC is closely associated with translation initiation sites, enhances translation efficiency, correlates positively with RNA half-life and splicing variants, and is linked to decreased RNA structural stability, suggesting its essential role in post-transcriptional regulation in plants.
Article Synopsis
- Catalase (CAT) is a crucial antioxidant enzyme whose function is regulated by phosphorylation at specific sites, particularly in rice (Oryza sativa L.).
- The study focused on five phosphoserines in the enzyme CatC, finding that specific sites (Ser-9, -11, and dephospho-Ser-18) enhance enzymatic activity and stress tolerance in yeast.
- Dephospho-Ser-18 was shown to facilitate CatC tetramerization, leading to improved activity, and overexpressing a modified CatC in rice significantly boosted its resistance to salt and oxidative stress, indicating Ser-18's potential for breeding salt-tolerant rice.
Light is a particularly important environmental cue that regulates a variety of diverse plant developmental processes, such as photomorphogenesis. Blue light promotes photomorphogenesis mainly through the activation of the photoreceptor cryptochrome 1 (CRY1). However, the mechanism underlying the CRY1-mediated regulation of growth is not fully understood.
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- Pancreatic cancer has a poor prognosis and high mortality rate, leading researchers to explore compounds from traditional Chinese medicine, particularly L. (PCL) for potential antitumor effects.
- The compound isobavachalcone (IBC) was identified as a promising candidate; it inhibited the growth of pancreatic cancer cells, induced cancer cell death, and enhanced immune response by increasing CD8 T cells while reducing suppressive immune cells.
- Overall, the study suggests that IBC could be an effective treatment for pancreatic cancer by targeting tumor growth and modifying the tumor microenvironment to boost immune activity.
Article Synopsis
- Endophytes can enhance plant growth and stress resistance by producing bioactive compounds like thiamine.
- In a study, thiamine was found to inhibit the rice blast pathogen and improve resistance under real-world conditions.
- The endophyte OsiSh-2 and rice have similar thiamine-synthesizing enzymes, and their interaction can regulate thiamine levels to boost rice’s resistance to disease.
Article Synopsis
- S-acylation is a lipid modification linked to DHHC proteins, and the specific mechanisms in rice were previously unknown.
- Researchers created a cDNA library and used assays to identify five DHHC-S-acylated protein pairs in rice, with OsDHHC30 being key for S-acylation of OsCBL2 and OsCBL3.
- Overexpression of OsDHHC30 in rice enhanced the plants' ability to tolerate salt and oxidative stress, shedding light on S-acylation's role in plant resilience.
Article Synopsis
- Endophytic Streptomyces hygroscopicus OsiSh-2 enhances rice's growth and disease resistance by optimizing plant responses under pathogen stress without sacrificing yield.
- Four years of field trials demonstrated that OsiSh-2 boosts resilience against the rice blast pathogen while maintaining high crop productivity.
- The study reveals mechanisms through proteomic and physiological profiling, showing that OsiSh-2 activates defense priming and regulates energy use in defense proteins, indicating its potential for sustainable disease control and crop improvement.
Article Synopsis
- AtMYB32, an R2R3-MYB transcription factor, is induced by abscisic acid (ABA) and plays a positive role in ABA-mediated seed germination and early seedling development.
- The atmyb32-1 mutant demonstrated drought resistance, linked to higher levels of CBF4 expression and lower expression of ABA-signaling genes compared to overexpressing AtMYB32 plants.
- AtMYB32 directly binds to the promoters of key regulators ABI3, ABI4, ABI5, and CBF4, influencing their expression and indicating its critical role in ABA signaling and drought stress responses.
Article Synopsis
- The quorum quenching gene from strain T-1 was successfully cloned and its effectiveness against the bacterium ATCC 7966 was tested both in vitro (lab conditions) and in vivo (live subjects).
- BLAST analysis indicated a 99% similarity of T-1's gene with a related gene from sub sp. BSP1, and the YtnP protein from T-1 showed 100% similarity with another protein in the Aidc cluster of the MBL family.
- The purified YtnP protein demonstrated a strong ability to inhibit biofilm formation and reduce the virulence of ATCC 7966, leading to significantly lower mortality in infected subjects when co-injected with YtnP.
Article Synopsis
- Robinia pseudoacacia, a legume that thrives in mining areas, shows limited ability to accumulate cadmium (Cd), which affects its potential for phytoremediation.
- The study explored the combined effects of an endophyte, Enterobacter sp. YG-14, and phosphorus-enriched sludge biochar, resulting in enhanced Cd uptake and significant reductions in soil Cd levels and improved microbial diversity.
- This combined approach led to notable increases in plant growth (up to 561.91%) and Cd accumulation, as well as reduced translocation of Cd from roots to shoots, improving the plant's overall Cd phytostabilization capacity.
Article Synopsis
- Light is essential for various plant growth processes, with Cryptochrome 1 (CRY1) acting as a key photoreceptor for blue light responses, inhibiting hypocotyl elongation.
- Blue light interferes with gibberellin (GA) signaling by preventing the degradation of DELLA proteins, which are negative regulators in the GA pathway.
- CRY1 interacts with both GA receptors (GID1s) and DELLAs, ultimately suppressing cell elongation-related gene expressions during blue light exposure, thus revealing how blue light counteracts GA's effects on plant growth.