PD-L1 Expression Is Increased in LPS-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome by PI3K-AKT-Egr-1/C/EBPδ Signaling Pathway.

The role of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) has been extensively investigated in adaptive immune system. However, increasing data show that innate immune responses are also affected by the immune checkpoint molecule. It has been demonstrated that regulation of PD-L1 signaling in macrophages may be a potential therapeutic method for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

Time‑dependent changes in NLRP3 and Nrf2 levels in lipopolysaccharide‑induced acute lung injury.

Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are severe clinical conditions with a high mortality rate. Nucleotide‑binding oligomerization domain (NOD)‑like receptor containing pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3) and nuclear factor E2‑related factor 2 (Nrf2) have been reported to be associated with ALI. However, the dynamic changes in the levels of these factors in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‑induced lung injury remain unclear.

Identification of factors related to immunotherapy efficacy and prognosis in patients with advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: Immunotherapy is an important treatment in oncology, but only a fraction of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) benefit from it. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify predictive biomarkers of immunotherapy response for HNSCC in order to improve treatment outcomes.

Methods: Survival analyses and comparative efficacy evaluation were performed to investigate prognostic and therapeutic impact factors in patients with advanced HNSCC following immunotherapy, and to examine the effects of factors including gene mutations, tumor mutational burden (TMB), mutant-allele tumor heterogeneity (MATH), and immune cell infiltration on the survival and efficacy.

Manifestation of severe pneumonia in anti-PL-7 antisynthetase syndrome and B cell lymphoma: A case report.

Background: Antisynthetase syndrome (ASS) is characterized by the presence of antisynthetase antibodies coupled with clinical findings such as fever, polymyositis-dermatomyositis and interstitial lung disease. It is, however, rare to observe ASS association with B cell lymphoma presenting severe pneumonia as the first clinical manifestation.

Case Summary: We evaluated a 59-year-old male patient who presented with cough with sputum, shortness of breath and fever for 13 d.

Noncoplanar Versus Coplanar Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) for Protection of the Lip and Buccal Mucosa.

Objective: In this study, by comparing coplanar and noncoplanar intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) treatment planning in treating tongue cancer, the significance of noncoplanar fields in the protection of the lip and buccal mucosa was determined, and a reasonable solution was selected.

Methods: Forty-eight tongue cancer patients treated from June 2019 to February 2021 were selected and randomly divided into a coplanar field group and a noncoplanar field group. The mucosal dose limit changed from 15 Gy to 45 Gy for comparison of the two treatment plans.

Efficacy of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) combined with bevacizumab for advanced non-squamous non-small-cell lung cancer patients with gradual progression on EGFR-TKI treatment: A cohort study.

Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) significantly improve outcomes of patients with EGFR-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, acquired resistance inevitably emerges and remains a major challenge. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of EGFR-TKIs plus bevacizumab in advanced non-squamous NSCLC patients with gradual progression on EGFR-TKIs.

Lower circulating adiponectin is associated with higher risk of renal cell carcinoma: A meta-analysis.

Background: Changes in circulating adiponectin have been related to the risks of various cancers. However, the association between circulating adiponectin and the risk of renal cell carcinoma has not been fully determined. A meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between circulating adiponectin and renal cell carcinoma risk.

Positron imaging for verification of irradiation field during radiotherapy.

Aim Of Study: The present study was designed to investigate the application of positron images from photonuclear reactions to verify the location of targeted radiation in vivo.

Materials And Methods: The phantom study was conducted with distilled water, porcine muscle, porcine adipose tissue, and graphite; these subjects were irradiated separately with 50 MV photons generated by an MM50 Racetrack Microtron. The positron emission activity was measured using a Geiger counter, and the radioactive decay curves for each of the irradiated materials were then established.

Mannose prevents acute lung injury through mannose receptor pathway and contributes to regulate PPARγ and TGF-β1 level.

Mannose has been reported to prevent acute lung injury (ALI), and mannose receptor (MR) has been demonstrated to have a role. The rationale for this study is to characterize the mechanism by which mannose and MR prevent lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI. Male ICR mice were pretreated mannose by intravenous injection 5 min before and 3 h after intratracheal instillation of LPS.

Clinical Analysis of Percutaneous Computed Tomography-Guided Hook Wire Localization of 168 Small Pulmonary Nodules.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation of clinical and radiologic characteristics and pathologic features in small pulmonary nodules and to evaluate the success rate and safety of a computed tomography (CT)-guided hook wire system.

Methods: One hundred sixty-eight pulmonary nodules that were 20 mm or less in diameter in 161 patients were percutaneously localized by a CT-guided hook wire system, followed by pulmonary resection. The general clinical data, computed tomographic characteristics, and pathologic findings were evaluated, and the major side effects during the localization procedure were reviewed.

[Effect of "Xinjingjie mouthrinse" on prevention and treatment of radiation-induced oral mucositis].

Purpose: To investigate the effect of "Xinjingjie compound lysostaphin antibacterial collutorium" on prevention and treatment of radiation-induced oral mucositis in a prospective, randomized and double-blind clinical trial.

Methods: Sixty patients with oral cancer to be treated with radiotherapy were randomized into the experimental and control group. The experimental group (30 patients) was treated with "Xinjingjie mouthrinse" during the full course of radiotherapy, 4 times daily with 5 mL and 5 min each time.

Bis(2,3-dibromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzyl) ether, a marine algae derived bromophenol, inhibits the growth of Botrytis cinerea and interacts with DNA molecules.

Bis(2,3-dibromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzyl) ether (BDDE) is a bromophenol isolated from marine algae. Previous reports have shown that BDDE possesses cytotoxic and antibacterial activity. In the present study, we demonstrate that BDDE displays broad-spectrum antifungal activities, especially on Botrytis cinerea.

A case of bilateral pleural effusion as the first sign of multiple myeloma.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a type of hematological malignancy that can affect all types of tissues in human. However, it is extremely rare that pleural effusion presents as the first sign in MM patients. A 54-year-old male patient attended our department of respiratory medicine complaining of shortness of breath for the past 3 months.

Involvement of mannose receptor in the preventive effects of mannose in lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury.

Although macrophage mannose receptor contributes to the anti-inflammatory procedure, its mechanisms of action are incompletely understood in acute lung injury. We recently found that mannose which could bind to mannose receptor, prevented acute lung injury in rats. Here, we profiled the involvement of mannose receptor in the preventive effects of mannose in lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice.

An in vitro rat diaphragmatic fatigue model induced by combined hypoxic and hypercapnic acidosis and the effect of salmeterol.

Hypoxia or hypercapnia impairs diaphragmatic contractility and induces fatigue. However, little is known about the combined effect of hypoxic and hypercapnic acidosis (HHA) on diaphragmatic fatigue. In this study, a gas mixture (21% O2, 12% CO2 and 67% N2) was used to produce HHA-induced rat diaphragmatic fatigue.