Progress in understanding the regulatory mechanisms of immune checkpoint proteins PD-1 and PD-L1 expression.

Programmed Death Protein-1 (PD-1) is a cell surface receptor that serves as a checkpoint for T cells, playing a pivotal role in regulating T-cell apoptosis. The binding of PD-1 to its ligand, Programmed Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1), inhibits anti-tumor immunity by suppressing T-cell activation signals. Indeed, the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway governs the induction and maintenance of immune tolerance within the tumor microenvironment.

Robust, High-Temperature-Resistant Polyimide Separators with Vertically Aligned Uniform Nanochannels for High-Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries.

Separator is an essential component of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), playing a pivotal role in battery safety and electrochemical performance. However, conventional polyolefin separators suffer from poor thermal stability and nonuniform pore structures, hindering their effectiveness in preventing thermal shrinkage and inhibiting lithium (Li) dendrites. Herein, we present a robust, high-temperature-resistant polyimide (PI) separator with vertically aligned uniform nanochannels, fabricated via ion track-etching technology.

Evaluating the performance of the language model ChatGPT in responding to common questions of people with epilepsy.

Objective: People with epilepsy desire to acquire accurate information about epilepsy and actively engage in its management throughout the long journey of living with seizures. ChatGPT is a large language model and we aimed to assess the accuracy and consistency of ChatGPT in responding to the common concerns of people with epilepsy and to evaluate its ability to provide emotional support.

Methods: Questions were collected from the International League against Epilepsy and the China Association against Epilepsy.

Direct Fabrication of PET-Based Thermotolerant Separators for Lithium-Ion Batteries with Ion Irradiation Technology.

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) play a pivotal role as essential components in various applications, including mobile devices, energy storage power supplies, and electric vehicles. The widespread utilization of LIBs underscores their significance in the field of energy storage. High-performance LIBs should exhibit two key characteristics that have been persistently sought: high energy density and safety.

Early antiseizure medication withdrawal and risk of seizure recurrence in children after epilepsy surgery: A retrospective study.

Objective: The timing of antiseizure medication (ASM) withdrawal in children after epilepsy surgery remains controversial and lacks recognized standards. Given the various negative effects of ASM on development in children, this study aimed to evaluate the safety and feasibility of early ASM withdrawal after epileptic resection surgery.

Methods: We retrospectively assessed the seizure outcomes and ASM profiles of children who had undergone epileptic resection surgery between August 2015 and August 2020 and attempted ASM reduction in the early postoperative phase.

The complete mitochondrial genome of Thomson, 1877 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae).

Thomson, 1877 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is the trunk borer of orange trees. In this study, we sequenced and annotated the whole mitochondrial genome of . The results showed that the length of the complete mitochondrial genome is 15,854 bp with an overall GC content of 32.

Correction to: MicroRNA-351 Promotes the Proliferation and Invasion of Glioma Cells through Downregulation of NAIF1.

The original version of this article unfortunately contained mistakes in the Affiliation section.

MicroRNA-351 Promotes the Proliferation and Invasion of Glioma Cells through Downregulation of NAIF1.

Despite the well-characterized expression profile of miR-351 in the neural system, its molecular mechanisms in glioma still remain elusive. Here we intended to assess the regulatory function of miR-351 on nuclear apoptosis-inducing factor 1 (NAIF1) and, thereby, modulation of cancerous behaviors of human glioma cell lines. Two human glioma cell lines (U87 and U251) and normal human astroglia (NHA) cell line were cultured.

Post-treatment maturation of medulloblastoma in children: two cases and a literature review.

We herein report two cases of post-treatment maturation of medulloblastoma (MB). We also conducted a literature review to summarize the clinical and pathologic features of MB maturation. From January 1992 to February 2017, 52 patients with MB underwent surgical resection followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy.

Dural-Based Cavernous Malformation at the Cerebral Convexity: Report of Two Pediatric Patients.

Background: Intracranial cavernous malformations (CMs) are usually located at the cerebral parenchyma; dural-based CMs outside the middle fossa are rarely reported. To our knowledge, dural-based CMs located at the cerebral convexity are even rarer in that only 2 pediatric cases have ever been reported. In this report, we present 2 extremely rare cases of dural-based CMs at the cerebral convexity in pediatric patients.

Arachnoid Cyst-Associated Chronic Subdural Hematoma: Report of 14 Cases and a Systematic Literature Review.

Background: Arachnoid cyst (AC)-associated chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) differs significantly from its counterparts without AC in epidemiologic, demographic, and clinical characteristics, as well as in management and prognosis. This study was conducted to further examine the epidemiologic, demographic, and clinical characteristics; diagnosis; treatment; and prognosis of AC-associated CSDH.

Methods: This was a retrospective study of the medical records at the neurosurgical departments of 2 institutions along with a systematic PubMed search for relevant studies published in English or Chinese.

Astrocytes Regulate Angiogenesis Through the Jagged1-Mediated Notch1 Pathway After Status Epilepticus.

Vascular disruptions including blood-brain barrier breakdown and pathologic angiogenesis contribute to the development of epilepsy in normal brains. The Notch signaling pathway is activated in response to seizure activity, and its activation promotes seizures, although its exact role in angiogenesis is poorly understood. Here, we have examined the role of Notch signaling in angiogenesis in a kainic acid-induced mouse model of epilepsy.

[EFFECTIVENESS OF POSTERIOR MIDLINE APPROACH WITH COMPLETE LAMINECTOMY FOR GIANT INTRASPINAL TUMOR RESECTION AND VERTEBRAL CANAL RECONSTRUCTION].

Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of the posterior midline approach with complete laminectomy for giant intraspinal tumor (more than 3 cm in diameter) resection and vertebral canal reconstruction.

Methods: Between March 2009 and February 2012, 21 cases of giant intraspinal tumor underwent the posterior midline approach with complete laminectomy and vertebral canal reconstruction. There were 12 males and 9 females with an average age of 40.