Spatial distributions and environmentally-mediated factors of dimethylsulfoxide off the northern Antarctic Peninsula in summer.

Spatial distributions of dissolved and particulate dimethylsulfoxide (DMSOd and DMSOp) were investigated off the northern Antarctic Peninsula during the austral summer of 2018, an ecologically and climatically important region of the world. In the upper waters, DMSOd was concentrated in the ice-melt zone because DMSO functions physiologically as an intracellular osmolyte and cryoprotectant. DMSOd concentrations had a weak positive correlation with temperature but a negative correlation with nutrients.

New Lanostane-Type Triterpenes with Anti-Inflammatory Activity from the Epidermis of .

A chemical study on the epidermis of cultivated edible mushroom resulted in the isolation and identification of 46 lanostane triterpenoids, containing 17 new compounds (-). An experimental determination of their anti-inflammatory activity showed that poricoic acid GM () most strongly inhibited NO production in LPS-induced RAW264.7 murine macrophages with an IC value at 9.

Euphorfinoids A and B, a pair of -atisane diterpenoid epimers from the roots of and their bioactivities.

Euphorfinoids A and B ( and ), a pair of -atisane diterpenoid epimers with a vicinal 2,3-diol moiety, together with four known analogues (), were isolated from the roots of wild . Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis, including extensive NMR, HR-ESIMS, NMR calculations, X-ray diffraction, and comparison with structurally related known analogues. Our bioassays have established that compound displayed moderate anti-proliferative effects on Hcc1806 cell line with IC 15.

Euphorfistrines A-G, cytotoxic and AChE inhibiting triterpenoids from the roots of Euphorbia fischeriana.

Seven new triterpenoids including two cycloartanes (1-2), a lanostane (3), a tirucallane (4), a dammarane (5), an ursane (6), and an oleanane (7), along with nineteen known triterpenoids (8-26), have been obtained from the roots of Euphorbia fischeriana. Their structures were established by NMR, HRESIMS, single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, Mosher's method, NMR calculations, ECD analysis, and comparison with structurally related known analogues. Among them, compounds 1 and 8 were a pair of cycloartane-type triterpenoids epimers.

Panton-Valentine Leucocidin of Staphylococcus aureus Induces Oxidative Stress and Neurotransmitter Imbalance in a Retinal Explant Model.

Purpose: Endophthalmitis models have reported the virulent role of Panton-Valentine leucocidin (PVL) secreted by Staphylococcus aureus on the retina. PVL targets retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), expressing PVL membrane receptor C5aR. Interactions between PVL and retinal cells lead to glial activation, retinal inflammation, and apoptosis.

Panton-Valentine Leucocidin Proves Direct Neuronal Targeting and Its Early Neuronal and Glial Impacts a Rabbit Retinal Explant Model.

Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) retinal intoxication induces glial activation and inflammatory response via the interaction with retinal neurons. In this study, rabbit retinal explant was used as a model to study neuronal and glial consequences of PVL intoxication. Retinal explants were treated with different concentrations of PVL.

Panton-Valentine Leukocidin Colocalizes with Retinal Ganglion and Amacrine Cells and Activates Glial Reactions and Microglial Apoptosis.

Experimental models have established Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) as a potential critical virulence factor during Staphylococcus aureus endophthalmitis. In the present study, we aimed to identify retinal cell targets for PVL and to analyze early retinal changes during infection. After the intravitreous injection of PVL, adult rabbits were euthanized at different time points (30 min, 1, 2, 4 and 8 h).

A mitochondria-targeted ratiometric fluorescent probe for hypochlorite and its applications in bioimaging.

A novel ratiometric probe (RCP) for OCl was developed based on the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) platform. The probe was constructed by integrating the coumarin moiety (FRET donor) with the rhodamine moiety (FRET acceptor). Upon treatment with OCl, the coumarin emission at 483 nm decreased and the rhodamine emission at 570 nm increased, enabling the probe to provide accurate detection of OCl (in the concentration range of 0-50 μM).

Anti-gout nor-oleanane triterpenoids from the leaves of Stauntonia brachyanthera.

With the aim of finding more potential anti-gout compounds from natural resources, a phytochemical study on the leaves of Stauntonia brachyanthera was carried out, which led to the isolation of 11 nor-oleanane triterpenoids, including 4 new ones. Their structures were determined by the comprehensive 1D, 2D NMR, HRMS, and HPLC analysis after acid hydrolysis. Brachyantheraoside B4 (3) and 3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-l-arabinopyranosyl-30-norolean-12,20(29)-dien-28-oic acid (8) exhibited significant inhibitory activities on xanthine oxidase with IC50 values of 0.

Investigation of the efficiency of intrastromal ring segments with cross-linking using different sequence and timing for keratoconus.

Aim: To evaluate and compare the efficacy and stability of intrastromal corneal ring segment (ICRs) implantation with cross-linking (CXL) using different sequence and timing.

Methods: In this single retrospective study, 86 keratoconic eyes subjected the ICRs implantation. We analyzed only 41 eyes that had complete follow-ups.

Diuretic Properties and Chemical Constituent Studies on Stauntonia brachyanthera.

The pharmacological evaluation demonstrated that the extracts from the stem of S. brachyanthera could significantly increase the outputs of urine of rats compared to those of furosemide treated group, and the effect could last for a longer period of time. The best effect appeared in the first two hours, which scientifically confirmed the diuretic effect of the plant.