Carvacrol acetate activated Nrf2 modulates mitophagy for the treatment of neurocyte oxidative stress induced by chlorpyrifos.

This study explored the protective effect and potential mechanism of carvacrol acetate (CAA) on the oxidation of chlorpyrifos (CPF). A model of oxidative stimulus damage was established in Sprague-Dawley rats by subcutaneous injection of the CPF poison. PC12 cells were used to construct an oxidative injury model using CPF, and the protective effects and mechanism of action of CAA against CPF-induced oxidative damage were explored in vitro.

Symbiosis between Dendrobium catenatum protocorms and Serendipita indica involves the plant hypoxia response pathway.

Mycorrhizae are ubiquitous symbioses established between fungi and plant roots. Orchids, in particular, require compatible mycorrhizal fungi for seed germination and protocorm development. Unlike arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, which have wide host ranges, orchid mycorrhizal fungi are often highly specific to their host orchids.

MITOCHONDRIA: The dual function of the transient receptor potential melastatin 2 channels from cytomembrane to mitochondria.

Mitochondria are closely related to oxidative stress and play an important role in maintaining cell functional homeostasis and meeting cell energy demand. The transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) channel affects the occurrence and progression of diseases by regulating mitochondrial function. TRPM2 channel promotes Ca influx to affect 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), reactive oxygen species (ROS), adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, and mitochondrial autophagy.

Seed viability testing for research and conservation of epiphytic and terrestrial orchids.

Background: Seed viability testing is essential in plant conservation and research. Seed viability testing determines the success of ex-situ conservation efforts, such as seed banking but commonly testing protocols of orchids lack consistency and accuracy, therefore, there is a need to select an appropriate and reliable viability test, especially when conducting comparative studies. Here, we evaluated the suitability of three seed viability tests, Evans blue test (EB), Fluorescein diacetate test (FDA) and Tetrazolium test (TTC), with and without sterilization, on seeds of 20 orchid species, which included five epiphytes and fifteen terrestrials, using both fresh seeds and seeds stored at - 18 ºC for 6 to 8 years.

Regulatory Effects of Clock and Bmal1 on Circadian Rhythmic TLR Expression.

Circadian locomotor output cycles kaput (Clock) and brain and muscle ARNT-like 1 (Bmal1) are two core circadian clock genes. They form a heterodimer that can bind to the E-box element in the promoters of Period circadian protein (Per) and Cryptochrome (Cry) genes, thereby inducing the rhythmic expression of circadian clock control genes. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are type I transmembrane proteins belonging to the pattern recognition receptor (PRR) family.

Minireview: The Introduction of COVID-19 and Microvascular Disease-Introduction of COVID-19 and the Relationship between Its Receptor and Diabetic Vascular Complications.

In December of 2019, a novel coronavirus, which is SARS-CoV-2, broke out in the world and caused tremendous human and financial losses. According to a descriptive study by the relative hospital about the epidemiological and clinical features of 52 critically ill patients, the expert panel found that people with cardiovascular disease and diabetes comprise a large proportion of the patients with chronic disease. In this review, we discuss the structural biology of the SARS-CoV-2 in combination with the characteristics of its binding protein, ACE2, which is an important receptor in the cardiovascular system and may have potential relationships with various diabetic diseases.

Transitions between the Terrestrial and Epiphytic Habit Drove the Evolution of Seed-Aerodynamic Traits in Orchids.

Orchids are globally distributed, a feature often attributed to their tiny dustlike seeds. They were ancestrally terrestrial but in the Eocene expanded into tree canopies, with some lineages later returning to the ground, providing an evolutionarily replicated system. Because seeds are released closer to the ground in terrestrial species than in epiphytic ones, seed traits in terrestrials may have been under selective pressure to increase seed dispersal efficiency.

Using Symbiotic Seed Germination to Restore Over-collected Medicinal Orchids in Southwest China.

Due to increasing demand for medicinal and horticultural uses, the Orchidaceae is in urgent need of innovative and novel propagation techniques that address both market demand and conservation. Traditionally, restoration techniques have been centered on asymbiotic or symbiotic seed germination techniques that are not cost-effective, have limited genetic potential and often result in low survival rates in the field. Here, we propose a novel advanced restoration-friendly program for the endangered epiphytic orchid species , in which a series of symbiotic seed germination trials base on conspecific fungal isolates were conducted at two sites in Yunnan Province, China.

Orchid conservation in the biodiversity hotspot of southwestern China.

Xishuangbanna is on the northern margins of tropical Asia in southwestern China and has the largest area of tropical forest remaining in the country. It is in the Indo-Burma hotspot and contains 16% of China's vascular flora in <0.2% of the country's total area (19,690 km(2) ).

Investigation of the inclusion interaction of p-sulfonatocalix[6]arene with triamterene.

The inclusion complexation behavior of p-sulfonatocalix[6]arene (SCX6) with triamterene (TA) was investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy, (1)H and 2D NMR, FT-IR, SEM and DSC. The results indicate that TA is able to form an inclusion complex with SCX6. The inclusion complex has a stoichiometry of 1:1 at pH 6.

Rain pollination provides reproductive assurance in a deceptive orchid.

Background And Aims: Abiotic pollination by wind or water is well established in flowering plants. In some species pollination by rain splashes, a condition known as ombrophily, has been proposed as a floral strategy. However, evidence for this type of abiotic pollination has remained controversial and many reported cases have subsequently been shown to be false.

Microsatellite markers for Duperrea pavettifolia (Rubiaceae).

Premise Of The Study: The development of microsatellite primers for Duperrea pavettifolia will be the foundation for mating system analysis and conservation research.

Methods And Results: Nineteen microsatellite markers were developed and characterized in two wild populations by using the Fast Isolation by AFLP of Sequences COntaining repeats (FIASCO) protocol. Polymorphisms were evaluated in 24 individuals from two natural populations.