Investigating ocular biomarkers and differential diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and vascular cognitive impairment based on multimodal imaging.

Significance: The eye can be used as a potential monitoring window for screening, diagnosis, and monitoring of neurological diseases. Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) are common causes of cognitive impairment and may share many similarities in ocular signs. Multimodal ophthalmic imaging is a technology to quantify pupillary light reaction, retinal reflectance spectrum, and hemodynamics.

Trends and Motivations in Dietary Supplement Use Among People with Diabetes: A Population-Based Analysis Using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data from the 2009-2020 Period.

Objectives: Dietary supplements have gained attention among people with diabetes as an alternative and complementary treatment, yet there is a limited understanding of supplement use and the motivations behind it.

Methods: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from the 2009-2020 period were analyzed, including data on 5784 people with diabetes aged 20 years or older. Dietary supplement use was self-reported.

Epiphytic Fungi Can Drive a Trade-Off Between Pathogen and Herbivore Resistance in Invasive .

Trade-offs between different defense traits exist commonly in plants. However, no evidence suggests that symbiotic microbes can drive a trade-off between plant pathogen and herbivore defense. The present study aims to investigate whether the mixture of epiphytic and can drive the trade-off between the two defense traits in invasive .

Interface engineering in Ni(OH)/NiOOH heterojunction to enhance energy-efficient hydrogen production via urea electrolysis.

Electrochemical urea electrolysis has merged as a promising alternative to conventional water splitting methods for hydrogen fuel production due to its cost-effectiveness and superior energy efficiency. The utilization of heterostructures has been proposed as a viable strategy to improve the efficiency of the urea oxidation reaction (UOR) by augmenting the quantity of active sites and optimizing the electronic structure. In this study, a Ni(OH)/NiOOH heterojunction, referred to as H-Ni, was synthesized via a straightforward hydrothermal synthesis method.

Design of a sweeping robot based on fuzzy QFD and ARIZ algorithms.

The design of a multifunctional intelligent robotic vacuum cleaner is essential for meeting user needs and replacing human cleaning tasks, thereby improving the effectiveness and convenience of human-robot interaction. Existing robotic vacuum cleaners can address the issues of small dust and hair accumulation; however, a comprehensive and integrated solution for sweeping, mopping, sanitizing, and general waste cleaning remains necessary. This paper employs the Fuzzy Quality Function Deployment (FQFD) tool and the Algorithm for Inventive Problem Solving (ARIZ) algorithm to address these challenges.

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-associated transverse myelitis after SARS-CoV-2 infection: A case report.

Background: Cases of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-related disease have a history of coronavirus disease 2019 infection or its vaccination before disease onset. Severe acute respiratory syndrome virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has been considered to be a trigger of central nervous system autoimmune diseases.

Case Summary: Here we report a 20-year male with MOG-associated transverse myelitis after a SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Analysis of Codon Usage Bias in the Plastid Genome of (Orchidaceae).

In order to understand the bias and main affecting factors of codon usage in the plastid genome of , which is a rare and endangered plant species in the Orchidaceae family, the complete plastid genome sequence of was downloaded from the GenBank database and 20 protein-coding sequences that met the analysis requirements were finally selected. The GC content, length of the amino acid (Laa), relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU), and effective number of codon (ENC) of each gene and codon were calculated using the CodonW and EMBOSS online programs. Neutral plot analysis, ENC-plot analysis, PR2-plot analysis, and correspondence analysis were performed using Origin Pro 2024 software, and correlation analysis between various indicators was performed using SPSS 23.

Impact of awareness of sports policies, school, family, and community environmental on physical activity and fitness among children and adolescents: a structural equation modeling study.

Background: Understanding the impact of environmental factors on physical activity (PA) and physical fitness (PF) is crucial for promoting a healthy lifestyle among children and adolescents. This study examines how awareness of sports policies, school, family, and community environments influence PA and PF in Chinese youth.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 2747 children and adolescents (mean age 12.

Functional Peptides from Yak Milk Casein: Biological Activities and Structural Characteristics.

The average content of casein in yak milk is 40.2 g/L. Casein can be degraded by enzymatic digestion or food processing to produce abundant degradation peptides.

Intravenous patient-controlled analgesia with esketamine improves early depressive symptoms in patients with postherpetic neuralgia: a single-center retrospective cohort study.

Objective: Patients with Postherpetic Neuralgia (PHN) often exhibit depressive-like symptoms, significantly impacting their quality of life. Esketamine, known for its analgesic properties, has also been recognized for its rapid antidepressant effects. However, its efficacy in the treatment of PHN requires further exploration.

Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside attenuates neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment in female Alzheimer's disease mice via modulating gut microbiota metabolism and GPER/CREB/BDNF pathway.

Background: Gender is a significant risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD), often attributed to the decline of estrogen. The plant estrogen secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) has demonstrated anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. However, the protective effects and mechanisms of SDG in female AD remain unclear.

Astrocyte reactivity is associated with tau tangle load and cortical thinning in Alzheimer's disease.

Background: It is not fully established whether plasma β-amyloid(Aβ)/Aβ and phosphorylated Tau (p-Tau) can effectively detect Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathophysiology in older Chinese adults and how these biomarkers correlate with astrocyte reactivity, Aβ plaque deposition, tau tangle aggregation, and neurodegeneration.

Methods: We recruited 470 older adults and analyzed plasma Aβ/Aβ, p-Tau, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and neurofilament light (NfL) using the Simoa platform. Among them, 301, 195, and 70 underwent magnetic resonance imaging, Aβ and tau positron emission tomography imaging.

Synbiotic therapy with and xylan promotes gut-derived indole-3-propionic acid and improves cognitive impairments in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized primarily by cognitive impairment. Recent investigations have highlighted the potential of nutritional interventions that target the gut-brain axis, such as probiotics and prebiotics, in forestalling the onset of AD. In this study, whole-genome sequencing was employed to identify xylan as the optimal carbon source for the tryptophan metabolism regulating probiotic ().

Global Semantic-Sense Aggregation Network for Salient Object Detection in Remote Sensing Images.

Salient object detection (SOD) aims to accurately identify significant geographical objects in remote sensing images (RSI), providing reliable support and guidance for extensive geographical information analyses and decisions. However, SOD in RSI faces numerous challenges, including shadow interference, inter-class feature confusion, as well as unclear target edge contours. Therefore, we designed an effective Global Semantic-aware Aggregation Network (GSANet) to aggregate salient information in RSI.

Changes in blood catecholamines during induction of general anesthesia in patients with post-induction hypotension undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A single-center prospective cohort study.

Background: Post-induction hypotension (PIH) often occurs during general anesthesia induction. This study aimed to investigate blood catecholamine levels during induction of general anesthesia in patients with PIH undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Methods: This prospective study included 557 adult patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia.

Growable design of passenger vehicle interior space based on FAHP and FQFD.

The increasingly shortened development cycle of smart vehicles has led to a qualitative shift in the nature of automotive products. Growing spatial design of vehicle interiors can effectively satisfy users' personalisation preferences and increase their willingness to buy, as well as mitigating the environmental pollution caused by the problem of rapid replacement. Considering the subjectivity and uncertainty of users' emotional needs, this study adopts the FAHP method to comprehensively analyse and rank the SET series of factors, then combines the grey correlation method with the correlation analysis of the areas related to the interior space of the automobile, constructs the sample of the interior space of the automobile and extracts the kansei words of the space sample.

Predicting the cognitive impairment with multimodal ophthalmic imaging and artificial neural network for community screening.

Background/aims: To investigate the comprehensive prediction ability for cognitive impairment in a general elder population using the combination of the multimodal ophthalmic imaging and artificial neural networks.

Methods: Patients with cognitive impairment and cognitively healthy individuals were recruited. All subjects underwent medical history, blood pressure measurement, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, medical optometry, intraocular pressure and custom-built multimodal ophthalmic imaging, which integrated pupillary light reaction, multispectral imaging, laser speckle contrast imaging and retinal oximetry.

Pathophysiology characterization of Alzheimer's disease in South China's aging population: for the Greater-Bay-Area Healthy Aging Brain Study (GHABS).

Introduction: The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater-Bay-Area of South China has an 86 million population and faces a significant challenge of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the characteristics and prevalence of AD in this area are still unclear due to the rarely available community-based neuroimaging AD cohort.

Methods: Following the standard protocols of the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, the Greater-Bay-Area Healthy Aging Brain Study (GHABS) was initiated in 2021.

Structure and Functions of Endophytic Bacterial Communities Associated with Sphagnum Mosses and Their Drivers in Two Different Nutrient Types of Peatlands.

Sphagnum mosses are keystone plant species in the peatland ecosystems that play a crucial role in the formation of peat, which shelters a broad diversity of endophytic bacteria with important ecological functions. In particular, methanotrophic and nitrogen-fixing endophytic bacteria benefit Sphagnum moss hosts by providing both carbon and nitrogen. However, the composition and abundance of endophytic bacteria from different species of Sphagnum moss in peatlands of different nutrient statuses and their drivers remain unclear.

Emerging role of ferroptosis in diabetic retinopathy: a review.

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a significant complication of diabetes and the primary cause of blindness among working age adults globally. The development of DR is accompanied by oxidative stress, characterised by an overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a compromised antioxidant system. Clinical interventions aimed at mitigating oxidative stress through ROS scavenging or elimination are currently available.

Heartache and Heartbreak: An Observational and Mendelian Randomization Study.

Background: Depression has a significant effect on cardiovascular disease (CVD), but uncertainties persist regarding which modifiable risk factors mediate the causal effects. We aim to determine whether depression is causally linked to CVD and which modifiable risk factors play potential mediating roles.

Methods: We used a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach and NHANES 2007-2018 data to estimate the effects of depression on various CVD cases and investigated 28 potential mediators of the association between depression and CVD.

Microglial Reactivity Correlates with Presynaptic Loss Independent of β-Amyloid and Tau.

Objective: Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-2 (TREM2) and progranulin (PGRN) are critical regulators of microglia activation and can be detected in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). However, whether microglial reactivity is detrimental or neuroprotective for Alzheimer disease (AD) is still debatable.

Methods: We identified 663 participants with baseline β-amyloid (Aβ) positron emission tomography (PET) and CSF biomarker data, including phosphorylated tau181 (p-Tau), soluble TREM2 (sTREM2), PGRN, and growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43).