Molecular epidemiology of serotype 19A Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from children in Beijing, 1997-2006.

Background: Despite the prevalence of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 19A, the molecular characteristics of this serotype are yet to be fully elucidated. The aim of this study was therefore to determine the homology of the serotype 19A in China.

Methods: Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and multilocus sequence typing were done to these forty-nine serotype 19A isolates to investigate the relationship between the strains prevalent in Beijing and other regions.

[Analysis of resistant genes of beta-lactam antibiotics from Pseudomonas aeruginosa in pediatric patients].

Objective: To analyze the antibiotic resistance of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) isolated from pediatric patients and the resistant genes of beta-lactam antibiotics thereof.

Methods: 146 PA strains were isolated from pediatric patients. Agar dilution method recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute was used to examine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 12 antimicrobial agents, including the penicillins, third and fourth genet ration cephalosporins, carbapenemase, Aztreonam, beta-lactamase inhibitors, quinolones, and aminoglycosides.

Characterization of multidrug-resistant and metallo-beta-lactamase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from a paediatric clinic in China.

Background: In the present study, we characterized multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDRP) clinical isolates from a paediatric facility and investigated the types and features of the metallo-beta-lactamases (MBLs) produced by carbapenem-resistant strains.

Methods: Four hundred and ninety-eight strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated from patients at Beijing Children's Hospital between January 2005 and December 2006. The minimal inhibition concentrations (MICs) of the strains for 13 antibiotics were measured.

[Prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing Escherichia coli in pediatric patients in China].

Objective: To study the drug resistance profiles of extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli (E. coli) and provide guidance for pediatric clinical prescription.

Methods: 5127 strains of ESBL producing E.

[Surveillance of antibiotic resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from hospitalized patients with pneumonia in four children's hospitals in China].

Objective: To investigate the antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae (S.pneumoniae) isolated from Chinese children with pneumonia.

Methods: Hypopharyngeal aspirate specimens were collected from hospitalized children with pneumonia who were admitted to the children's hospital located in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou or Shanghai from February 16, 2006 to February 16, 2007.

[Transfer of erythromycin-resistance among strains and species of bacteria: plasmid conjugation method in enterococcal isolates].

Objective: To study if the resistance to macrolide in Enterococcus can be transferred between strains, and species of the same and different genera.

Methods: Agar dilution was used to screen 30 enterococcal isolates that were resistant to erythromycin. Conjugation was performed by filter mating method.

[Serotype distribution and resistance to beta-lactams of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from children in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, 2000 - 2002].

Objective: The present study was designed to investigate the situation of serotype distribution and beta-lactam antibiotics resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) isolated from Chinese children, and to further understand the significance of vaccine for preventing infection caused by the bactria and controlling the resistance to antibiotics.

Methods: Nasopharageal swab specimens were collected from randomly selected less than 5-year-old out-patients with upper respiratory infection in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, 2000 - 2002.

[Carrier rate of Streptococcus pneumoniae and susceptibility thereof to antimicrobial drugs among children in China: a surveillance study in Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou 2000-2002].

Objective: To investigate the carrier rate of Streptococcus pneumoniae and the susceptibility of S. pneumoniae to 10 different antimicrobial drugs among children in China.

Methods: Nasopharageal swab specimens were collected from randomly selected 3578 out-patients with upper respiratory infection aged 1 month to 5 years in Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou 2000-2002 so as to isolate S.

[Genotyping of ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae].

Objective: Haemophilus (H.) influenzae is a gram-negative bacillus that is a common commensal organism of the human upper respiratory tract and an important cause of human diseases such as pneumonia, meningitis, septicemia, epiglottitis and cellulitis. Strains of H.

[Molecular epidemiology of penicillin-nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae in Beijing, China, 2000-2002].

Objective: To investigate the molecular epidemiology of the penicillin-nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae (PNSP) in Beijing, China.

Methods: The resistant profile of 63 PNSP strains isolated from children with upper respiratory infection in the outpatient department from 2000 to 2002 was analyzed. The isolates were compared by detecting restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of the penicillin-binding protein (PBP) genes pbp1a, pbp2b and pbp2x and by applying chromosomal macrorestriction patterns detected by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE).

[Macrolide-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in the pediatric population in Beijing].

Objective: To analyze the mechanisms of macrolide resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae from children in Beijing.

Methods: The MICs of penicillin and erythromycin were determined by the E-test methods for 200 Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates collected from 2002 to 2003 at Beijing Children's Hospital. MICs of azithrhomycin, clarithromycin, acetylspiramycin and clindamycin for 147 erythromycin-resistant isolates were detected by the agar dilution methods.

[Surveillance of antimicrobial susceptibility of Haemophilus influenzae isolates from children in Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou 2000 - 2002].

Objective: To investigate the situation of antibiotic resistance of Haemophilus influenzae isolates from Chinese children.

Methods: Eight hundred and ninety-eight strains of H. influenzae isolated from randomly selected pediatric out-patients in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou 2000 approximately 2002 underwent determination of antibiotic susceptibility by E test MIC method for beta-lactam antibiotics (ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ceftriaxone, cefuroxime, and cefaclor) and KB disc diffusion method for chloramphenicol, tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (SMZ/TMP), azithromycin, and ciprofloxacin.