Safety and efficacy of intravenous recombinant human prourokinase for acute ischaemic stroke within 4·5 h after stroke onset (PROST-2): a phase 3, open-label, non-inferiority, randomised controlled trial.

Background: Intra-arterial prourokinase has been shown to be a promising thrombolytic agent in patients with acute ischaemic stroke. Given the global shortage of thrombolytics, we aimed to assess the non-inferiority of intravenous recombinant human prourokinase compared with alteplase in patients with acute ischaemic stroke who were ineligible for or who refused endovascular thrombectomy.

Methods: PROST-2 was a phase 3, open-label, non-inferiority, randomised controlled trial conducted at 61 hospitals in China.

SARS-CoV-2 Infection, Hospitalization, and Associated Factors Among People Living With HIV in Southeastern China From December 2022 to February 2023: Cross-Sectional Survey.

Background: Limited studies have explored the impact of the Omicron variant on SARS-CoV-2 infection, hospitalization, and associated factors among people living with HIV, particularly in China. The adjustment of preventive policies since December 2022 in China presents an opportunity to evaluate the real-world factors influencing SARS-CoV-2 infection and related hospitalization among people living with HIV.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate SARS-CoV-2 infection, hospitalization rates, and associated factors among people living with HIV following the adjustment of preventive policies from December 2022 to February 2023 in southeastern China.

The impact of inflammatory biomarkers on amputation rates in patients with diabetic foot ulcers.

Diabetic Foot Ulcers (DFUs) are a major complication of diabetes, often leading to amputation. Understanding the relationship between haematological inflammatory markers and the incidence of amputation in DFU patients with infectious complications is crucial for improving management and outcomes. This retrospective study, conducted from May 2020 to October 2022, involved 109 patients with DFUs, categorised into amputation (AM) and non-amputation (NAM) groups.

Designer graphene oxide ultrathin flat lens with versatile focusing property.

Graphene oxide (GO) flat lens has a thickness in nanoscale. They modulates the light field via both phase and amplitude modulation and hence possess excellent focusing property. In this paper, we develop a systematic design method to realize the ultrathin GO flat lens with various focusing properties.

RETRACTED: Analysis of the association between serum levels of 25(OH)D, retinol binding protein, and Cyclooxygenase-2 and the disease severity in patients with diabetic foot ulcers.

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) pose significant clinical challenges, representing severe complications in diabetes mellitus patients and contributing to non-traumatic amputations. Identifying reliable biomarkers can optimize early diagnosis and improve therapeutic outcomes. This study focused on evaluating the association between serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25-(OH)D], Serum Retinol Binding Protein (RBP), and Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in elderly DFU patients.

An Adaptable Nanoprobe Integrated with Quantitative T -Mapping MRI for Accurate Differential Diagnosis of Multidrug-Resistant Lung Cancer.

Multidrug resistance (MDR) is one of the major factors causing failure of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) chemotherapy. Real-time and accurate differentiation between drug-resistant and sensitive NSCLC is of primary importance for guiding the subsequent treatments and improving the therapeutic outcome. However, there is no effective method to provide such an accurate differentiation.

Efficacy and Safety of Ginkgo Diterpene Lactone Meglumine in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Ginkgo diterpene lactone meglumine (GDLM) has attracted much attention because of its potential neuroprotective properties in ischemic stroke. The efficacy of GDLM in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) needs to be verified by well-designed randomized clinical trials.

Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of GDLM in patients with AIS.

Aero-Engine Blade Cryogenic Cooling Milling Deformation Simulation and Process Parameter Optimization.

For the machining of aero-engine blades, factors such as machining residual stress, milling force, and heat deformation can result in poor blade profile accuracy. To address this issue, simulations of blade milling were completed using DEFORM11.0 and ABAQUS2020 software to analyze blade deformation under heat-force fields.

Lipid management in ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack in China: result from China National Stroke Registry III.

Objectives: The aims of the study were to assess the management of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and the goal achievement, as well as to investigate the association between baseline LDL-C level, lipid-lowering treatment (LLT), and stroke recurrence in patients with ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA).

Design: Our study was a post hoc analysis of the Third China National Stroke Registry (CNSR-III).

Setting: We derived data from the CNSR-III - a nationwide clinical registry of ischaemic stroke and TIA based on 201 participating hospitals in mainland China.

Fraxetin alleviates microglia-mediated neuroinflammation after ischemic stroke.

Background: Neuroinflammation, which is mainly mediated by excessive microglia activation, plays a major role in ischemic stroke. Overactivated microglia secrete numerous inflammatory cytokines, causing excessive inflammatory responses and ultimately exacerbating ischemic brain injury. Hence, compounds that attenuate neuroinflammation could become promising drug candidates for ischemic stroke.

Prognosis and antiplatelet therapy of small single subcortical infarcts in penetrating artery territory: a post hoc analysis of the Third China National Stroke Registry.

Background: Small single subcortical infarction (SSSI) may be classified as parent artery disease-related or only branch involved according to the stenosis of parent artery. The study aimed to evaluate short-term and long-term prognoses and the effectiveness of antiplatelet therapy in SSSI.

Methods: We prospectively enrolled 2890 patients with SSSI from the Third China National Stroke Registry (CNSR-III) database from August 2015 to March 2018.

Synthetic VSMCs induce BBB disruption mediated by MYPT1 in ischemic stroke.

Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) have been widely recognized as key players in regulating blood-brain barrier (BBB) function, and their roles are unclear in ischemic stroke. Myosin phosphatase target subunit 1 (MYPT1) is essential for VSMC contraction and maintaining healthy vasculature. We generated VSMC-specific MYPT1 knockout (MYPT1) mice and cultured VSMCs infected with Lv-shMYPT1 to explore phenotypic switching of VSMCs and the accompanied impacts on BBB integrity.

Prediction of Progression to Severe Stroke in Initially Diagnosed Anterior Circulation Ischemic Cerebral Infarction.

Accurate prediction of the progression to severe stroke in initially diagnosed nonsevere patients with acute-subacute anterior circulation nonlacuna ischemic infarction (ASACNLII) is important in making clinical decision. This study aimed to apply a machine learning method to predict if the initially diagnosed nonsevere patients with ASACNLII would progress to severe stroke by using diffusion-weighted images and clinical information on admission. This retrospective study enrolled 344 patients with ASACNLII from June 2017 to August 2020 on admission, and 108 cases progressed to severe stroke during hospitalization within 3-21 days.

Imaging Parameters Predict Recurrence After Transient Ischemic Attack or Minor Stroke Stratified by ABCD Score.

Background And Purpose: Whether imaging parameters would independently predict stroke recurrence in low-risk minor ischemic stroke (MIS) or transient ischemic attack (TIA) according to traditional score system (such as ABCD score, which was termed on the basis of the initials of the five factors: age, blood pressure, clinical features, duration, diabetes) remains unclear. We sought to evaluate the association between imaging parameters and 1-year stroke recurrence in patients with TIA or MIS in different risk stratum stratified by ABCD score.

Methods: We included patients with TIA and MIS (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score ≤3) with complete baseline vessel and brain imaging data from the Third China National Stroke Registry III.

IL-37 Represses the Autoimmunity in Myasthenia Gravis via Directly Targeting Follicular Th and B Cells.

IL-37 is a newly identified immune-suppressive factor; however, the function, cellular sources, and mechanism of IL-37 in humoral immunity and Myasthenia gravis (MG) are still unclear. In this study, we found IL-37 were substantially downregulated in the serum and PBMCs of MG patients compared with healthy controls. The lower IL-37 was associated with severer disease (quantitative MG score) and higher follicular Th (Tfh)/Tfh17 and B cell numbers.

FasL-PDPK1 Pathway Promotes the Cytotoxicity of CD8 T Cells During Ischemic Stroke.

CD8 T cells are recognized as key players in exacerbation of ischemic stroke; however, the underlying mechanism in modulating the function of CD8 T cells has not been completely elucidated. Here, we uncovered that FasL enhanced the cytotoxicity of CD8 T cells to neurons after ischemic stroke. Inactivation of FasL specific on CD8 T cells protected against brain damage and neuron loss.

Evaluating the left ventricular hemodynamic phenomena of DDD septum pacemaker implants using vector flow mapping.

Purpose: We set out to undertake a preliminary assessment of the left ventricular hemodynamic status with right ventricular double-chamber pacing by energy loss (EL), wall shear stress (WSS), and circulation intensity (CIR) of vector flow mapping (VFM). We also planned to evaluate the value of VFM technology by measuring cardiac function after pacemaker implantation.

Method: Data from 58 patients living with right ventricular double-chamber (right ventricular septal) pacemakers as well as 58 healthy volunteers matched in age and gender were collected.

Double-negative T cells remarkably promote neuroinflammation after ischemic stroke.

CD3CD4CD8 T cells (double-negative T cells; DNTs) have diverse functions in peripheral immune-related diseases by regulating immunological and inflammatory homeostasis. However, the functions of DNTs in the central nervous system remain unknown. Here, we found that the levels of DNTs were dramatically increased in both the brain and peripheral blood of stroke patients and in a mouse model in a time-dependent manner.

Rational synthesis of MnCdS for enhanced photocatalytic H evolution: Effects of S precursors and the feed ratio of Mn/Cd on its structure and performance.

Rational synthesis of photocatalytic materials is an effective way to improve their performance. In this work, to optimize the S precursors, a series of MnCdS (MCS) were first hydrothermally synthesized with the prevalent thiourea (TA), thioacetamide (TAA) and L-cysteine (L-Cys) as the S sources. The optimum feed ratio of Mn/Cd was then determined based on the optimized S precursor.

6-Shogaol ameliorates diabetic nephropathy through anti-inflammatory, hyperlipidemic, anti-oxidative activity in db/db mice.

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus has been increasing worldwide and more than two thirds of the patients may develop diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, the efficiency of existing approaches on DN progression is limited. 6-Shogaol (6-SG), a major dehydrated derivative of gingerols, possesses various biological properties.

Enhancement of radiotherapy efficacy by pleiotropic liposomes encapsulated paclitaxel and perfluorotributylamine.

Paclitaxel (PTX) is widely used as a radiosensitizer in the clinical treatment of cancer. However, the efficacy of chemoradiotherapy is limited by the hostility of the tumor microenvironment such as hypoxia. To overcome this constraint, we designed pleiotropic radiotherapy sensitized liposomes containing perfluorotributylamine (PFTBA) and PTX.

Proteomic analysis of the effects of Nur77 on lipopolysaccharide-induced microglial activation.

Microglia are critical components of the immune response in the central nervous system. Our study aims to explore potential role of Nur77 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced microglial activation. Primary wild-type and Nur77 microglia were stimulated with LPS and protein extracts were detected via mass spectrometry.

Mitochondrial dysfunction and cerebral metabolic abnormalities in patients with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy subtypes: Evidence from proton MR spectroscopy and muscle biopsy.

Aims: Accumulated evidence indicates that cerebral metabolic features, evaluated by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( H-MRS), are sensitive to early mitochondrion dysfunction associated with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy (ME). The metabolite ratios of lactate (lac)/Cr, N-acetyl aspartate (NAA)/creatine (Cr), total choline (tCho)/Cr, and myoinositol (mI)/Cr are measured in the infarct-like lesions by H-MRS and may reveal metabolic changes associated with ME. However, the application of this molecular imaging technique in the investigation of the pathology of ME subtypes is unknown.