Risk Factors for Testicular Atrophy in Children With Testicular Torsion Following Emergent Orchiopexy.

To analyze the risk factors for testicular atrophy (TA) in children with testicular torsion (TT) following emergent orchiopexy. Clinical data of patients with TT undergoing orchiopexy were retrospectively reviewed, including age at surgery, affected side, delayed surgery (12-24 h and more than 24 h), echogenicity of testicular parenchyma on ultrasonography (ETPU), testicular blood flow on Color Doppler ultrasonography (CDUS), surgical findings (intraoperative blood supply, the degree of torsion, and surgical approaches), and follow-up. The primary outcome was the rate of TA after orchiopexy.

Anatomy and management of upper moiety vascular variation in children with duplex kidney.

Purpose: To describe the upper pole vascular anatomy of duplex kidney and provide our experience with laparoscopic upper pole partial nephrectomy (LUPPN).

Methods: A retrospective study was performed among patients with duplex kidney who underwent computed tomography angiography at one single institution, some of whom were subsequently treated with LUPPN. According to imaging results and intraoperative findings, the arterial supply to the upper moiety of a duplex system was classified based on number and branching pattern.

Land use and land cover change in agro-pastoral ecotone in Northern China: A review.

Land use/cover change (LUCC) is the most direct manifestation of the interaction between human activities and natural ecosystems. In recent years, due to the increasing human activities, regional environment has been dramatically changed. As one of heavily influenced and fragile and vulnerable ecosystems, the agro-pastoral ecotone in Northern China is a "hot spot" for land use/cover change research.

Retrospective analysis to determine outcomes of patients with bilateral Wilms tumor undergoing nephron sparing surgery: 15-year tertiary single-institution experience.

Purpose: To describe our clinical experience with nephron sparing surgery (NSS) for bilateral Wilms tumor and evaluate the outcomes of patients treated at one of the largest pediatric medical centers in China.

Methods: Medical records of children with bilateral Wilms tumor undergoing NSS in the Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University during a 15-year period were retrospectively analyzed. Data collected were composed of age at surgery, tumor response, tumor rupture during resection, final pathologic margins, use of radiation therapy, pathology reports, renal function, and patient survival.

Diagnosis and treatment of urethral prolapse in children: 16 years' experience with 89 Chinese girls.

Objective: To review our experience and results in the diagnosis and treatment of urethral prolapse (UP) in Chinese girls.

Patients And Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of 89 consecutive girls (aged <16 years) with UP and without other complications, who received treatment for UP from January 1999 to January 2015 (a study period of 16 years) at the Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China. Data analysed included: age, symptoms, clinical findings, predisposing factors, management, and outcomes.

A 22-year retrospective study: educational update and new referral pattern of age at orchidopexy.

Objectives: To determine the current age at orchidopexy in China and whether changing targets have altered practice, as research suggesting progressive deterioration in an undescended testis (UDT) has led to the reduction in the target age for orchidopexy to 6-12 months but it is still unknown whether changing targets have altered practice.

Patients And Methods: The demographics of orchidopexies performed in the Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University between 1993 and 2014 were reviewed. A survey of the general publics' awareness of UDT and survey of primary healthcare practitioners' current opinion on age at orchidopexy and referral patterns were performed.

[Long-term exposure to PM2.5 from automobile exhaust results in reproductive dysfunction in male rats].

Objective: To explore the effects of long-term exposure to particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) from automobile exhaust on the reproductive function of Sprague Dawley (SD) rats.

[Testicular teratoma in children: Analysis of 64 cases].

Objective: To improve the diagnosis and treatment of testicular teratoma in children by analysis of clinical data.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data about 64 cases of testicular teratoma treated in the Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from 1995 to 2014.

Results: Sixty-one of the cases presented painless scrotal mass with a sense of bearing down and the other 3 cases were confirmed because of empty scrotum diagnosed as cryptorchidism.

Mutation screening of BMP4 and Id2 genes in Chinese patients with congenital ureteropelvic junction obstruction.

Unlabelled: Ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) is the most common congenital anomaly of the urinary tract. Evidence has shown that BMP4 and Id2 play crucial roles in nephrogenesis, alterations of which may cause ureteral developmental anomalies. Here, we directly sequenced the coding sequences in BMP4 and Id2 genes of 108 unrelated Chinese patients with ureteropelvic junction stenosis.

The cyclophosphamide metabolite, acrolein, induces cytoskeletal changes and oxidative stress in Sertoli cells.

The aim of this study is to explore the mechanism by which acrolein (ACR), a metabolite of cyclophosphamide (CP), induces immature Sertoli cell cytoskeletal changes. Sertoli cells obtained from rats were cultivated and treated with 50 and 100 μM ACR. XTT assays were performed to detect cell viability.

A rare case of simultaneous occurrence of Wilms' tumor in the left kidney and the bladder.

Wilms' tumor is the most common malignant solid tumor of the kidneys in children. Extrarenal Wilms' tumor is extremely rare. Herein, we report an 8-month-old boy with a chief complaint of frequent micturition and dysuria for 10 days.

Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate upregulates ATF3 expression and suppresses apoptosis in mouse genital tubercle.

Objectives: To investigate the effect of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) on the expression of activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) and apoptosis of fetal mouse genital tubercle (GT).

Methods: In this developmental toxicity study, pregnant C57BL/6 mice were exposed to corn oil or DEHP (100 or 500 mg/kg/day) from embryonic day 12 (ED12) to ED16. Apoptosis was characterized by Terminal transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay.

[Hemodynamic and histological effects of unilateral testicular torsion on the contralateral testis in immature rats].

Objective: To observe the hemodynamic and histological effects of unilateral testicular torsion on the contralateral testis in immature rats, and compare the results of different treatments.

Methods: Testicular torsion models were established in 3-week-old rats and randomized into a normal control, a testicular torsion, a reposition and an orchiectomy group. The systolic peak velocity of the right testicular artery was measured by color Doppler before and 8, 12, 24 and 72 h after the operation.

[Phyllanthus urinaria extract promotes N-cadherin expression in nitrogen mustard-disrupted testicular tissues in vivo].

Objective: To explore the protective effect of the Phyllanthus Urinaria (PU) extract on the N-cadherin expression in the testicular tissues disrupted by nitrogen mustard (HN2) in vivo.

Methods: HN2 was intraperitoneally injected into male KM mice at the dose of 5 mg/kg to make reproductive toxicity models, and at the same time PU was administered for intervention at the dose of 125 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg. N-cadherin distribution, mRNA and protein expression in the testicular tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR and Western blotting.

[Surgical correction of buried penis in children by solution and fixation of the penile venter].

Objective: To search for a simple and effective surgical procedure for the treatment of the buried penis in children.

Methods: We designed a new surgical procedure for the treatment of the buried penis, making a "V" incision in the venter of the radix penis, solving the superficial and deep fascia and the abnormal attachment of the dartos muscle, and fixing the left and right side of the radix penis respectively to 1 and 11 o'clock points in the fascia of the pubis nodus in the knee-chest position. A total of 38 children with the buried penis underwent the newly designed procedure and were followed up for 2-6 months.

Long-term coculture of spermatogonial stem cells on sertoli cells feeder layer in vitro.

Objective: To construct a cell model of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) cocultured on Sertoli cells feeder layer in vitro, and study the proliferation characteristics of SSCs.

Methods: Sertoli cells and SSCs were separated from testes of 14-15 days and 6 days KM mice respectively by two-step enzyme digestion. SSCs were seeded on the Sertoli cells layer at 5 days in culture.

[Effect of cyclophosphamide on spermatogonial stem cells].

Objective: To perform a preliminary study on the dysfunction of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) induced by cyclophosphamide.

Methods: According to development stage of spermatogenesis in Wistar rat, 72 rats were divided into three groups, 1, 3 and 9 weeks groups, respectively. Then 24 rats per group were randomly divided into experimental and control groups, and 100 mg/kg cyclophosphamide was injected by intraperitoneal injection in experimental groups, with the same volume of normal saline in the control.