Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α promotes macrophage functional activities in protecting hypoxia-tolerant large yellow croaker () against infection.

The immune system requires a high energy expenditure to resist pathogen invasion. Macrophages undergo metabolic reprogramming to meet these energy requirements and immunologic activity and polarize to M1-type macrophages. Understanding the metabolic pathway switching in large yellow croaker () macrophages in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation and whether this switching affects immunity is helpful in explaining the stronger immunity of hypoxia-tolerant .

Landform and lithospheric development contribute to the assembly of mountain floras in China.

Although it is well documented that mountains tend to exhibit high biodiversity, how geological processes affect the assemblage of montane floras is a matter of ongoing research. Here, we explore landform-specific differences among montane floras based on a dataset comprising 17,576 angiosperm species representing 140 Chinese mountain floras, which we define as the collection of all angiosperm species growing on a specific mountain. Our results show that igneous bedrock (granitic and karst-granitic landforms) is correlated with higher species richness and phylogenetic overdispersion, while the opposite is true for sedimentary bedrock (karst, Danxia, and desert landforms), which is correlated with phylogenetic clustering.

[Characterization, Seasonal Variation, and Source Apportionments of Particulate Amines (PM) in Northern Suburb of Nanjing].

PM samples were collected from December 2017 to November 2018 at a northern suburb site of Nanjing. The concentrations of five amines, major water-soluble ions, organic carbon, and elemental carbon were determined. The five amines measured were methylamine, ethylamine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine, and aniline.

-Perfluoropyridin-4-yl Oximes: Iminyl Radical Precursors for Photo- or Thermal-Induced N-O Cleavage in C(sp)-C(sp) Bond Formation.

-Perfluoropyridin-4-yl group was first installed onto cycloketone oximes as a new electrophore, which was proven to be efficient iminyl radical precursors under photocatalytic and thermal conditions. A range of -perfluoropyridin-4-yl oximes were successfully utilized in C(sp)-C(sp) bond formations of quinoxalin-2(1)-ones and alkenes, providing facile accesses to a range of functionalized alkylnitriles.