Gastrointestinal stromal tumors regulate macrophage M2 polarization through the MIF/CXCR4 axis to immune escape.

Purpose: The infiltration of immune cells and their roles of the infiltrating-immune cells in gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is still unclear. We aimed to discover the infiltration cell types and the relationship between the infiltrating-immune cells and the progression of GIST.

Experimental Design: Single-cell RNA sequencing were performed to discover types of the infiltrating-immune cells and to analyze CellChat between cells.

Role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in zebrafish retinal neurogenesis and myelination.

Aim: To investigate the role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in zebrafish retinal development and myelination.

Methods: Morpholino oligonucleotides (MO), which are complementary to the translation start site of the wild-type embryonic zebrafish TNF-α mRNA sequence, were synthesized and injected into one- to four-cell embryos. The translation blocking specificity was verified by Western blotting using an anti-TNF-α antibody, whole-mount in situ hybridization using a hepatocyte-specific mRNA probe ceruloplasmin (cp), and co-injection of TNF-α MO and TNF-α mRNA.

[Ixeris sonchifolia induced vasoconstriction effect and its mechanism in rat thoracic aorta].

Objective: To investigate the vasoconstriction effect of Ixeris sonchifolia in rat thoracic aortic rings and the underlying mechanisms.

Method: I. sonchifolia 10-160 g x L(-1) was cumulatively added into organ bath to observe the isometric tension of thoracic aortic rings with intact endothelium or denuded endothelium in basal tension, preconstricted by phenylephrine (PE) or potassium chloride (KCl), and thoracic aortic rings with intact endothelium preincubated frist with captopril, phosphoramidon and indomethacin, respectively, then preconstricted by PE and KCl.