Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase 1 Induces Cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase-stimulator of Interferon Genes Pathway Dysregulation to Promote Immune Escape of Colorectal Cancer Cells.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks third globally in cancer incidence and mortality, posing a significant human concern. Recent advancements in immunotherapy are noteworthy. This study explores immune modulation for CRC treatment.

Artificially tagging tumors with nano-aluminum adjuvant-tethered antigen mRNA recruits and activates antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells for enhanced cancer immunotherapy.

T cell therapy for solid tumors faces significant challenges due to the immune off-target attack caused by the loss of tumor surface antigens and inactivation in acidic tumor microenvironment (TME). Herein, we developed a bifunctional immunomodulator (MO@NAL) by loading ovalbumin (OVA; model antigen) mRNA (mOVA) onto lysozyme-coated layered double hydroxide nano-aluminum adjuvant (NA). The NA's inherent alkalinity effectively neutralizes the excess acid within the TME and suppresses regulatory T cells, creating a favorable microenvironment to enhance cytotoxic T cell infiltration and activation in tumors.

Investigations into Capillary Forces and Capillary Rise in a Three-Finger Microgripper and a Plate: Numerical Simulations and Experimental Validation.

The assembly and position adjustment of micro-components have wide applications in micro-electromechanical systems, wafer packaging and biomedicine. However, current single-finger microgrippers only allow for the pickup and release of micro-components. In the present study, a three-finger capillary microgripper was developed to pick up, release and adjust the position of micro-components.

ALKBH5 acts a tumor-suppressive biomarker and is associated with immunotherapy response in hepatocellular carcinoma.

As immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) therapy has made great strides in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment, improving patient response to this strategy has become the main focus of research. Accumulating evidence has shown that mA methylation plays a crucial role in the tumorigenesis and progression of HCC, while the precise impact of the mA demethylase ALKBH5 on the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) of HCC remains poorly defined. The clinical significance of ALKBH5 and TIM3 were evaluated in human HCC tissues.

Lysozyme-coated nanoparticles for active uptake and delivery of synthetic RNA and plasmid-encoded genes in plants.

Nanoparticle-mediated delivery of nucleic acids and proteins into intact plants has the potential to modify metabolic pathways and confer desirable traits in crops. Here we show that layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanosheets coated with lysozyme are actively taken up into the root tip, root hairs and lateral root junctions by endocytosis, and translocate via an active membrane trafficking pathway in plants. Lysozyme coating enhanced nanosheet uptake by (1) loosening the plant cell wall and (2) stimulating the expression of endocytosis and other membrane trafficking genes.

The current landscape of 1,2,3-triazole-(fused) six-membered nitrogen-containing heteroaromatic ring hybrids with anticancer therapeutic potential.

Cancer, characterized by uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells potentially influencing almost all tissues in the body, is one of the most devastating and lethal diseases throughout the world. Chemotherapy is one of the principal approaches for cancer treatment, but multidrug resistance and severe side effects represent the main barriers to the success of therapy, creating a vital need to develop novel chemotherapeutic agents. The 1,2,3-triazole moiety can be conveniently constructed by "click chemistry" and could exert diverse noncovalent interactions with various enzymes in cancer cells.

Next-generation aluminum adjuvants: Immunomodulatory layered double hydroxide NanoAlum reengineered from first-line drugs.

Aluminum adjuvants (Alum), approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, have been extensively used in vaccines containing recombinant antigens, subunits of pathogens, or toxins for almost a century. While Alums typically elicit strong humoral immune responses, their ability to induce cellular and mucosal immunity is limited. As an alternative, layered double hydroxide (LDH), a widely used antacid, has emerged as a novel class of potent nano-aluminum adjuvants (NanoAlum), demonstrating advantageous physicochemical properties, biocompatibility and adjuvanticity in both humoral and cellular immune responses.

Research on Sleep Staging Based on Support Vector Machine and Extreme Gradient Boosting Algorithm.

Purpose: To develop a sleep-staging algorithm based on support vector machine (SVM) and extreme gradient boosting model (XB Boost) and evaluate its performance.

Methods: In this study, data features were extracted based on physiological significance, feature dimension reduction was performed through appropriate methods, and XG Boost classifier and SVM were used for classification. One hundred and twenty training sets and 80 test sets were randomly composed of the first 200 groups of data from the SHH1 database.

EBNA-1 and VCA-p18 immunoglobulin markers link Epstein-Barr virus immune response and brain's myelin content to fatigue in a community-dwelling cohort.

Given the association of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) with subjective perception of fatigue and demyelination in clinical conditions, the question about potential subclinical effects in the adult general population remains open. We investigate the association between individuals' EBV immune response and perceived fatigue in a community dwelling cohort (n = 864, age 62 ± 10 years old; 49% women) while monitoring brain tissue properties. Fatigue levels are assessed with the established fatigue severity scale, the EBNA-1 and VCA p18 immunoglobulin G (IgG) chronic response - with multiplex serology and the estimates of local brain volume, myelin content, and axonal density - using relaxometry- and multi-shell diffusion-based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Assessing the Effect of a Schwarz P Surface on the Oxygen Electroreduction Performance of Porous Single-Atom Catalysts.

The surface curvature of catalysts has a decisive impact on their catalytic performance. However, the influence of a negative-Gaussian-curvature surface on the catalytic performance of porous catalysts has remained unexplored due to the lack of suitable samples. Bicontinuous-structured porous structures can serve as ideal models, but they are known as "Plumber's nightmare" due to their highly difficult preparation.

Relationship between Chlamydia Trachomatis infection, infertility, and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D: a cross-sectional study from NHANES 2013-2016.

Background: Chlamydia trachomatis is a common sexually transmitted disease that is associated with considerable morbidity and harmful sequelae, including pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility. Strategies for prevention and treatment of infertility in women with C. trachomatis infection require further investigation.

Ultrasound-Responsive Lipid Nanoplatform with Nitric Oxide and Carbon Monoxide Release for Cancer Sono-Gaso-Therapy.

Local gas therapy is emerging as a potential cancer treatment approach due to its specificity as gas-containing molecules can be packed into a nanodelivery system to release the corresponding gaseous molecules around the tumor site upon a suitable stimulus. Single-gas therapy has been reported, while synergistic dual-gas therapy has rarely been reported. Herein, we report a dual-gas-containing nanoplatform for synergistic cancer gasotherapy upon ultrasound irradiation.

Fostering rehydration and facilitating bioactive release through cellulose-assisted leaf surface treatment.

Glyphosate is a widely used herbicide in weed control and crop protection. However, its low bioavailability on leaf surfaces of weeds led to excessive use of glyphosate, inducing herbicide-resistant development and major sustainable agricultural and environmental concerns. This study addresses these challenges by developing cellulose-assisted glyphosate formulations using superior rehydration and sustainable release capability of nanocelluloses.

Core-Shell Engineered Fillers Overcome the Electrical-Thermal Conductance Trade-Off.

The rapid development of modern electronic devices increasingly requires thermal management materials with controllable electrical properties, ranging from conductive and dielectric to insulating, to meet the needs of diverse applications. However, highly thermally conductive materials usually have a high electrical conductivity. Intrinsically highly thermally conductive, but electrically insulating materials are still limited to a few kinds of materials.

Insight into prostate cancer osteolytic metastasis by RelB coordination of IL-8 and S100A4.

Background: Although RANK-LRANK interaction is essential for osteoclastogenesis, the mechanisms by which cancer cells invade bone tissues and initiate osteolytic metastasis remain unclear. Here, we show that the hyperactivation of RelB fosters prostate cancer (PCa) osteolytic metastasis by coordinating interleukin-8 (IL-8) and calcium-binging protein A4 (S100A4).

Methods: The factors promoting PCa bone metastasis were investigated in sera from PCa patients and tumour tissues derived from nude mice using immunohistochemical analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA).

Association between polygenic risk scores combined with clinical characteristics and antidepressant efficacy.

Background: While millions of people suffer from major depressive disorder (MDD), research has shown that individual differences in antidepressant efficacy exist, potentially attributable to various factors. Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) carry clinical potential, but associations with treatment response are seldom reported. Here, we examined whether PRSs for MDD and schizophrenia (SCZ) are associated with antidepressant effectiveness and the influence of other factors.

The blue shift of fluorescence emission reveals the dsRNA-loading capacity of cationic nanocarriers.

The loading capacity of dsRNA by nanocarriers is a key parameter in the process of RNAi commercialisation. In this research, a sustainable, simple, and cheap method was developed to determine the dsRNA loading capacity by popular cationic nanocarriers. In this method, the fluorescence emission of the cationic nanocarrier + (dsRNA-DAPI) shows blue shift in comparison to that of dsRNA-DAPI.

An Angstrom-Scale Protective Skin Grown In Situ on Perovskite Oxide to Enhance Stability in Water.

The utilization of perovskite oxide as a catalyst for aqueous reactions is promising but challenging in stability. Here, we propose an in situ growth strategy that constructs an ultrathin protective skin on the SrFeTaNiO perovskite surface and thus effectively solves the stability issue. Using a spherical aberration-corrected transmission electron microscope, we observe the coexistence of an angstrom-scale (~7 Å) FeO protective skin and FeNi alloy nanoparticles.

Exploring the Role of the Processing Body in Plant Abiotic Stress Response.

The processing body (P-Body) is a membrane-less organelle with stress-resistant functions. Under stress conditions, cells preferentially translate mRNA that favors the stress response, resulting in a large number of transcripts unfavorable to the stress response in the cytoplasm. These non-translating mRNAs aggregate with specific proteins to form P-Bodies, where they are either stored or degraded.

Advances in understanding and management of IgG4-related ophthalmic disease.

Immunoglobulin G4-related ophthalmic disease (IgG4-ROD) is an emerging, immune-mediated fibroinflammatory orbital disease, characterized by tumefactive lesions with noticeable IgG4+ plasma cell infiltration and distinctive pathohistological features. This disease is often associated with elevated serum IgG4 concentrations. IgG4-ROD may affect any ophthalmic tissues, particularly the lacrimal gland, extraocular muscles, and trigeminal nerves.