Effects of myopia on health-related quality of life in adolescents: a population-based cross-sectional causal empirical survey.

Objective: Myopia is a prevalent disease affecting adolescent vision and harms various health outcomes. However, the evidence about the effects of myopia on adolescents' overall health status is limited. Using health-related quality of life (HRQoL), a comprehensive health measurement indicator, this study aims to evaluate the effects of myopia on adolescents' HRQoL.

Undetected Association Between Fatty Acids and Dementia with Lewy Bodies: A Bidirectional Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study.

Background: Although observational studies indicated connections between fatty acids (FAs) and Alzheimer's disease and dementia, uncertainty persists regarding how these relationships extend to dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB).

Objective: To explore the potential causal relationships between FAs and the development of DLB, thus clarifying these associations using genetic instruments to infer causality.

Methods: We applied a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) and multivariable Mendelian randomization (MVMR) approach.

Obesity-induced chronic low-grade inflammation in adipose tissue: A pathway to Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a leading cause of cognitive impairment worldwide. Overweight and obesity are strongly associated with comorbidities, such as hypertension, diabetes, and insulin resistance (IR), which contribute substantially to the development of AD and subsequent morbidity and mortality. Adipose tissue (AT) is a highly dynamic organ composed of a diverse array of cell types, which can be classified based on their anatomic localization or cellular composition.

Ginsenoside Rg1 alleviates ANIT-induced cholestatic liver injury by inhibiting hepatic inflammation and oxidative stress via SIRT1 activation.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Mey) is a common traditional Chinese medicine used for anti-inflammation, treating colitis, type 2 diabetes, diarrhea, and recovering hepatobiliary function.

IL-33 Downregulates Hepatic Carboxylesterase 1 in Acute Liver Injury via Macrophage-derived Exosomal miR-27b-3p.

Background And Aims: We previously reported that carboxylesterase 1 (CES1) expression was suppressed following liver injury. The study aimed to explore the role of interleukin (IL)-33 in liver injury and examine the mechanism by which IL-33 regulates CES1.

Methods: IL-33 and CES1 levels were determined in the livers of patients and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-, acetaminophen (APAP)-treated mice.

Psychometric properties and comparison of four health utility approaches among myopia patients in China.

Background: The increased prevalence of myopia creates and earlier age of onset has created public health concerns for the long-term eye health, vision impairment and carries with it a significant economic burden. The quality of the economic evaluation is dependent on the sensitivity and validity of the approaches. Nowadays, there are many approaches to measure patients' health state utility (HSU).

Evaluation on the Metabolic Activity of Two Carboxylesterase Isozymes in Mouse Liver Microsomes by a LC-MS/MS Method.

An applicable method for the precise measurement of major carboxylesterase (CESs) activity in liver still limited. Clopidogrel and irinotecan are specific substrates for CES1 and CES2, respectively. Clopidogrel is metabolized to the inactive metabolite clopidogrel carboxylate (CCAM) by CES1.

Ginsenosides Restore Lipid and Redox Homeostasis in Mice with Intrahepatic Cholestasis through SIRT1/AMPK Pathways.

Intrahepatic cholestasis (IC) occurs when the liver and systemic circulation accumulate bile components, which can then lead to lipid metabolism disorders and oxidative damage. Ginsenosides (GS) are pharmacologically active plant products derived from ginseng that possesses lipid-regulation and antioxidation activities. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possible protective effects of ginsenosides (GS) on lipid homeostasis disorder and oxidative stress in mice with alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT)-induced IC and to investigate the underlying mechanisms.

Validation and comparison of five preference-based measures among age-related macular degeneration patients: evidence from mainland China.

Purpose: To compare the psychometric properties of five preference-based measures (PBMs) among patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in mainland China, including three health-related quality of life (HRQoL) measures [the 15D, the Assessment of Quality of Life (AQoL)-7D, and EQ-5D-5L] and two capability wellbeing measures [the ICEpop CAPability measure for Adults (ICECAP-A) and ICECAP measure for Older people (ICECAP-O)].

Methods: A convenience sampling framework was used to successively recruit inpatients with AMD who attended a large ophthalmic hospital in Jinan, China. Psychometric properties (known-group validity, concurrent validity, and sensitivity) were assessed.

IL-6 downregulates hepatic carboxylesterases via NF-κB activation in dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is associated with increased levels of inflammatory factors, which is attributed to the abnormal expression and activity of enzymes and transporters in the liver, affecting drug disposition in vivo. This study aimed to examine the impact of intestinal inflammation on the expression of hepatic carboxylesterases (CESs) in a mouse model of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. Two major CESs isoforms, CES1 and CES2, were down-regulated, accompanied by decreases in hepatic microsomal metabolism of clopidogrel and irinotecan.

Estrogen cholestasis induces gut and liver injury in rats involving in activating PI3K/Akt and MAPK signaling pathways.

Backgrounds: Estrogen and its metabolites often lead to intrahepatic cholestasis in susceptible women with pregnancy, administration of oral contraceptives and postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy. Recently, dysfunction of the gut-liver axis has been suggested to play a pivotal role in the progression of cholestasis, but details about estrogen cholestasis (EC)-induced gut and liver injury are still largely unknown. This study aims to gain insight into EC-induced gut and liver injury and cell signaling implicated.

Protective effect of Andrographolide on 5-Fu induced intestinal mucositis by regulating p38 MAPK signaling pathway.

Aims: Intestinal mucositis is the most common side effect of 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) treatment in cancer patients. Previous research suggested that andrographolide (Andro) attenuated the intestinal injury in colitis or diarrhea in mice. The present study was aimed at investigating the protective effect of Andro against 5-Fu induced intestinal mucositis and the underlying mechanism.

[Mechanism of Calculus Bovis Sativus in inhibiting hepatocyte lipid deposition based on serum pharmacology].

The aim of this paper was to investigate the molecular mechanism of Calculus Bovis Sativus( CBS) in alleviating lipid accumulation in vitro by serum pharmacology. The CBS-containing serum of mice was obtained by serum pharmacology method to evaluate its effect on the proliferation of LO2 hepatocytes. The lipid reducing effects of CBS-containing serum through Nrf2 was evaluated by fructose-induced LO2 hepatocyte steatosis model,nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2( Nrf2) agonist oltipraz combined intervention,cell oil red O staining and intracellular triglyceride( TG) content.

Bioinformatics‑based identification of key pathways and candidate genes for estrogen‑induced intrahepatic cholestasis using DNA microarray analysis.

Estrogen‑induced intrahepatic cholestasis (EIC) has increased incidence during pregnancy, and within women taking oral contraception and postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy. However, the pathology underlying EIC is not well understood. The aim of the present study was to identify key pathways and candidate genes in estrogen‑induced intrahepatic cholestasis (EIC) that may be potential targets for diagnosis and treatment.

Vitamin E Ameliorates Lipid Metabolism in Mice with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease via Nrf2/CES1 Signaling Pathway.

Background: Vitamin E has been reported to have a beneficial effect on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); however, the underlying mechanism of action has not yet been clearly defined.

Aim: We aimed to evaluate the effects and mechanisms of vitamin E on lipid and glucose homeostasis both in vivo and in vitro.

Methods: An NAFLD model was established in C57BL/6 mice fed a 30% fructose solution for 8 weeks.

Theoretical Study on Reactions of Alkylperoxy Radicals.

We carried out a theoretical study on geometries, relative energies of stationary points, and reaction rate constants for ethyl + O, propyl + O, and butyl + O reactions, which are important reactions in the low-temperature oxidation of corresponding alkanes. Geometries with CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ for the ethyl + O system are adopted as the benchmark to choose a proper exchange-correlation functional for geometry optimization. Our results show that B3LYP with 6-311+G(d,p) can provide reliable structures for this system, and structures of the other two systems are determined with this functional.

Reasons for Laser in Situ Keratomileusis in China: A Qualitative Study.

Significance: Myopia is a major health issue in East Asian countries, especially in China. By identifying Chinese patients' motivations for laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) surgery, our results are expected to help clinicians counsel patients before LASIK surgery and to maximize patients' post-operative LASIK surgery satisfaction, improving the quality of LASIK surgery services.

Purpose: Laser in situ keratomileusis has become a popular type of refractive surgery for the correction of myopia worldwide.

Pharmacokinetic Characteristics of Baicalin in Rats with 17α-ethynyl-estradiol-induced Intrahepatic Cholestasis.

Baicalin is one of the main active ingredients of choleretic traditional Chinese medicine drug Radix Scutellariae. The aim of this study was to explore the pharmacokinetic characteristics of baicalin in rats with 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE)-induced intrahepatic cholestasis (IC) based on its choleretic effects. Firstly, rats were subcutaneously injected with EE solution (5 mg/kg, 0.

Hepatoprotective effect of calculus bovis sativus on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice by inhibiting oxidative stress and apoptosis of hepatocytes.

Calculus bovis (CB, niu-huang) is a high-class therapeutic drug that is often used in traditional Chinese medicine. CB helps to eliminate heat and toxic components, and prevents the accumulation of phlegm and blood stasis in the liver. In Asian countries, CB Sativus (CBS), an ideal substitute for natural CB, is presently extensively used for long-term treatment of chronic liver diseases.

Protective Effects of Ginsenosides on 17[Formula: see text]-Ethynyelstradiol-Induced Intrahepatic Cholestasis via Anti-Oxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms in Rats.

The present study was designed to assess the effects and potential mechanisms of ginsenosides on 17[Formula: see text]-ethynyelstradiol (EE)-induced intrahepatic cholestasis (IC). Ginsenoside at doses of 30, 100, 300[Formula: see text]mg/kg body weight was intragastrically (i.g.

Baicalin may alleviate inflammatory infiltration in dextran sodium sulfate-induced chronic ulcerative colitis via inhibiting IL-33 expression.

Aims: To investigate the therapeutic effect of baicalin treatment in chronic ulcerative colitis (UC), and explore the potential anti-inflammation mechanism(s) via IL-33 pathway.

Main Methods: UC model were established by giving three cycles of 5-day 2% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) with two intervals of 14-day recovery in mice, totaling 43days. At the 13th day of the UC modeling, mice received baicalin at doses of 50, 100, or 150mg/kg, respectively.

Upregulation of PDZK1 by May Play an Important Role in Restoring Biliary Transport Function in Intrahepatic Cholestasis.

Intrahepatic cholestasis is a main cause of hepatic accumulation of bile acids leading to liver injury, fibrosis, and liver failure. Our previous studies proved that (CBS) can restore biliary transport function through upregulating the multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) in 17-ethynylestradiol- (EE-) induced intrahepatic cholestasis rats. The regulation mechanism of CBS on these transporters, however, remains unclear.

Regulations of Xenobiotics and Endobiotics on Carboxylesterases: A Comprehensive Review.

Carboxylesterases (CESs) play major roles in catalyzing the hydrolysis of a wide range of ester- and amide-containing compounds. CESs dominate both the biotransformation of numerous therapeutic drugs and the detoxification of environmental toxicants, and the activity alteration of CESs may be a determinant reason for modification of the resultant pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic profile when two or more drugs are concurrently used. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review of the current literature involving of induction and inhibition on CESs by both exogenous and endogenous compounds.

Protective Effect of Calculus Bovis Sativus on Dextran Sulphate Sodium-Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Mice.

Calculus Bovis Sativus (CBS) is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine, which has been reported to exhibit antispasmodic, fever-reducing, anti-inflammatory, and gallbladder-repairing effects. The present study aims to investigate the protective effect of CBS on dextran sulphate sodium- (DSS-) induced ulcerative colitis (UC) in mice. C57BL/6 male mice were exposed to 5% DSS in drinking water.