Functional and Transcriptome Analysis Reveal Specific Roles of and in Root Hair Development, Reproductive Growth, and Stress Tolerance.

Ran GTPases play essential roles in plant growth and development. Our previous studies revealed the nuclear localization of DlRan3A and DlRan3B proteins and proposed their functional redundancy and distinction in somatic embryogenesis, hormone, and abiotic stress responses. To further explore the possible roles of and , gene expression analysis by qPCR showed that their transcripts were both more abundant in the early embryo and pulp in longan.

Integrated Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Analyses Reveal the Potential Regulation of Flavonoids in the Production of Embryogenic Cultures during Early Somatic Embryogenesis of Longan ( Lour.).

Embryogenic cultures of longan ( Lour.) contain various metabolites with pharmacological properties that may function in the regulation of somatic embryogenesis (SE). In this study, based on widely targeted metabolomics, 501 metabolites were obtained from the embryogenic calli, incomplete compact proembryogenic cultures, and globular embryos during early SE of longan, among which 41 flavonoids were differentially accumulated during the SE.

Low Latency TOE with Double-Queue Structure for 10Gbps Ethernet on FPGA.

The TCP protocol is a connection-oriented and reliable transport layer communication protocol which is widely used in network communication. With the rapid development and popular application of data center networks, high-throughput, low-latency, and multi-session network data processing has become an immediate need for network devices. If only a traditional software protocol stack is used for processing, it will occupy a large amount of CPU resources and affect network performance.

Genome-wide high-throughput chromosome conformation capture analysis reveals hierarchical chromatin interactions during early somatic embryogenesis.

Somatic embryogenesis (SE), like zygotic embryo development, is a progressive process. Early SE is the beginning of a switch from a somatic to an embryogenic state and is an important stage for initiating chromatin reprogramming of SE. Previous studies suggest that changes in chromatin accessibility occur during early SE, although information on the 3D structure of chromatin is not yet available.

The function of BoTCP25 in the regulation of leaf development of Chinese kale.

XG Chinese kale ( cv. '') is a variety of Chinese kale and has metamorphic leaves attached to the true leaves. Metamorphic leaves are secondary leaves emerging from the veins of true leaves.

Riboflavin mediates m6A modification targeted by miR408, promoting early somatic embryogenesis in longan.

Plant somatic embryogenesis (SE) is an in vitro biological process wherein bipolar structures are induced to form somatic cells and regenerate into whole plants. MicroRNA (miRNA) is an essential player in plant SE. However, the mechanism of microRNA408 (miR408) in SE remains elusive.

Genome-wide identification of miRNAs and targets associated with cell wall biosynthesis: Differential roles of dlo-miR397a and dlo-miR408-3p during early somatic embryogenesis in longan.

The dynamic alterations in cell wall (CW) biosynthesis play an essential role in physiological isolation during the plant somatic embryogenesis (SE). However, the mechanisms underlying the functions of cell wall-associated miRNAs (CW-miRNA) remain poorly understood in plant SE. Here, we have identified 36 distinct candidate miRNAs associated with CW biosynthesis from longan third-generation genome as well as miRNA transcriptome, and modified RLM-RACE validated four distinct miRNA, which specifically targeted four CW-related genes.

Genome-wide identification, evolution analysis of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase multigene family and their expression patterns during the early somatic embryogenesis in Dimocarpus longan Lour.

Cytochrome P450 (CYP), a multi-gene superfamily, is involved in a broad range of physiological processes, including hormone responses and secondary metabolism throughout the plant life cycle. Longan (Dimocarpus longan), a subtropical and tropical evergreen fruit tree, its embryonic development is closely related to the yield and quality of fruits. And a large number of secondary metabolites, such as flavonoids and carotenoids, are also produced during the longan somatic embryogenesis (SE).

Genome-wide circular RNA profiling and competing endogenous RNA regulatory network analysis provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying early somatic embryogenesis in Dimocarpus longan Lour.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are widely involved in plant growth and development. However, the function of circRNAs in plant somatic embryogenesis (SE) remains elusive. Here, by using high-throughput sequencing, a total of 5029 circRNAs were identified in the three stages of longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.

Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Differentially Expressed Genes That Regulate Biosynthesis of the Active Compounds with Methyl Jasmonate in Rosemary Suspension Cells.

To study the effects of Methyl jasmonates (MeJA) on rosemary suspension cells, the antioxidant enzymes' change of activities under different concentrations of MeJA, including 0 (CK), 10 (M10), 50 (M50) and 100 μM MeJA (M100). The results demonstrated that MeJA treatments increased the activities of phenylalanine ammonla-lyase (PAL), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and reduced the contents of hydrogen peroxide (HO) and malondialdehyde (MDA), thus accelerating the ROS scavenging. Comparative transcriptome analysis of different concentrations of MeJA showed that a total of 7836, 6797 and 8310 genes were differentially expressed in the comparisons of CKvsM10, CKvsM50, CKvsM100, respectively.

Genome-wide identification and characterization of DEAD-box helicase family associated with early somatic embryogenesis in Dimocarpus longan Lour.

DEAD-box (DDX) proteins belong to the largest subfamily of RNA helicase SF2, which contributes to all biological processes of RNA metabolism in the plant kingdom. Till now, no significant data are available regarding studies on DDX in Somatic Embryogenesis (SE) of woody plants. It is important to investigate the biological function of the DlDDX family in longan SE.

Genome-wide identification and comprehensive analyses of NAC transcription factor gene family and expression patterns during somatic embryogenesis in Dimocarpus longan Lour.

The NAM, ATAF1/2, and CUC2 form a huge plant-specific gene family of NAC TFs that are involved in the growth, development, and regulation of biotic and abiotic stress responses. Although the draft genome of longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) has been published, however the comprehensive data regarding the functions, evolution, and expression patterns of the NAC family are still unavailable.

Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the SR gene family in longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.).

Longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) is an important commercial fruit tree in southern China. The embryogenesis of longan affects the quality and yield of fruit.

Genome-wide investigation of DNA methylation dynamics reveals a critical role of DNA demethylation during the early somatic embryogenesis of Dimocarpus longan Lour.

DNA methylation plays essential roles in gene regulation, chromatin structure stability, gene imprinting, X chromosome inactivation and embryonic development. However, the dynamics and functions of DNA methylation during the early stage of longan (Dimocarpus longan) somatic embryogenesis (SE) are still unclear. In this study, we carried out whole genome bisulphite sequencing and transcriptome sequencing analyses for embryogenic callus (EC), incomplete compact pro-embryogenic cultures (ICpEC) and globular embryos (GE) in an early SE system.

Global scale transcriptome analysis reveals differentially expressed genes involve in early somatic embryogenesis in Dimocarpus longan Lour.

Background: Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is a process of somatic cells that dedifferentiate to totipotent embryonic stem cells and generate embryos in vitro. Longan SE has been established and wildly used as model system for studying embryogenesis in woody plants, SE-related genes had been characterized. In spite of that, a comprehensive overview of SE at a molecular level is still absent.

Plant Cytosolic Ascorbate Peroxidase with Dual Catalytic Activity Modulates Abiotic Stress Tolerances.

Ascorbic acid-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle represents important antioxidant defense system in planta. Here we utilized Oncidium cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase (OgCytAPX) as a model to demonstrate that CytAPX of several plants possess dual catalytic activity of both AsA and GSH, compared with the monocatalytic activity of Arabidopsis APX (AtCytAPX). Structural modeling and site-directed mutagenesis identified that three amino acid residues, Pro, Asp, and Tyr, are required for oxidization of GSH in dual substrate catalytic type.

RNA-sequencing analysis reveals betalains metabolism in the leaf of Amaranthus tricolor L.

Amaranth plants contain large amounts of betalains, including betaxanthins and betacyanins. Amaranthin is a betacyanin, and its molecular structure and associated metabolic pathway differ from those of betanin in beet plants. The chlorophyll, carotenoid, betalain, and flavonoid contents in amaranth leaves were analyzed.

Genome-wide identification and characterization of long non-coding RNAs involved in the early somatic embryogenesis in Dimocarpus longan Lour.

Background: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in variable cleavage, transcriptional interference, regulation of DNA methylation and protein modification. However, the regulation of lncRNAs in plant somatic embryos remains unclear. The longan (Dimocarpus longan) somatic embryogenesis (SE) system is a good system for research on longan embryo development.

Seed-Specific Gene MOTHER of FT and TFL1（MFT） Involved in Embryogenesis, Hormones and Stress Responses in Dimocarpus longan Lour.

() belongs to phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein (PEBP) family, which plays an important role in flowering time regulation, seed development, and germination. To gain insight into the molecular function of in Lour., we isolated and its promoter sequence from longan embryogenic callus (EC).

Genome-wide identification and characterization of the CKII gene family in the cultivated banana cultivar (Musa spp. cv Tianbaojiao) and the wild banana (Musa itinerans).

Plant casein kinase II (CKII) plays an essential role in regulating plant growth and development, and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Here, we report the identification and characterization of the CKII family genes in Musa spp. cv.

Genome-wide identification and characterization of mRNAs and lncRNAs involved in cold stress in the wild banana (Musa itinerans).

Cold stress seriously affects banana growth, yield and fruit quality. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been demonstrated as key regulators of biotic and abiotic stress in plants, but the identification and prediction of cold responsive mRNAs and lncRNAs in wild banana remains unexplored. In present study, a cold resistant wild banana line from China was used to profile the cold-responsive mRNAs and lncRNAs by RNA-seq under cold stress conditions, i.

Identification of miRNAs Affecting the Establishment of Seedling.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important for plant development including seed formation, dormancy, and germination, as well as seedling establishment. The vegetable seedling establishment stage influences the development of high quality seedlings, but also affects the nutrient content of sprouts. Chinese kale () seedlings at different growth stages were used to construct two small-RNA (sRNA) libraries.

Comparative Transcriptome Analyses Reveal a Special Glucosinolate Metabolism Mechanism in Sprouts.

sprouts contain abundant phytochemicals, especially glucosinolates (GSs). Various methods have been used to enhance GS content in sprouts. However, the molecular basis of GS metabolism in sprouts remains an open question.

Identification of Novel and Conserved miRNAs in Leaves of In vitro Grown Citrus reticulata "Lugan" Plantlets by Solexa Sequencing.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play essential roles in plant development, but the roles in the in vitro plant development are unknown. Leaves of ponkan plantlets derived from mature embryos at in vitro culture conditions were used to sequence small RNA fraction via Solexa sequencing, and the miRNAs expression was analyzed. The results showed that there were 3,065,625 unique sequences in ponkan, of which 0.