Publications by authors named "Xu Xiaowu"
Background: Ki67 index changes during the treatment of metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (PanNET) treatment. The study aimed to detect alterations of grade based on Ki67 index and immune microenvironment in PanNET responding to capecitabine/temozolomide (CapTem).
Method: Retrospective data of patients with PanNET were collected.
IL15RA-STAT3-GPX4/ACSL3 signaling leads to ferroptosis resistance in pancreatic cancer.
Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai)
October 2024
Article Synopsis
- Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a severe cancer with low survival rates, primarily due to the lack of effective treatments.
- Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) in the tumor environment contribute to PDAC's progression by enhancing cancer cells' resistance to ferroptosis, a form of cell death.
- Research shows that PSCs secrete IL15, which activates pathways that increase GPX4 and ACSL3 levels, protecting cancer cells from oxidative damage, suggesting potential new treatment approaches for PDAC.
Article Synopsis
- A study was conducted to evaluate how using the ligamentum teres hepatis and falciform ligament, which wraps around the gastroduodenal artery (GDA), impacts complications after laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy (LPD).
- Patients were divided into two groups: one with the ligamentous flap wrapping the GDA stump (Group A) and another that utilized the flap for both GDA wrapping and reinforcing the posterior wall (Group B).
- Group B showed fewer complications like clinically relevant post-operative pancreatic fistulas, shorter hospital stays, and less need for abdominal drainage, indicating that this technique enhances the safety and outcomes of LPD.*
Background: For premalignant main duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (MD-IPMN), laparoscopic duodenum and spleen-preserving subtotal or total pancreatectomy (LDSP-STP/TP) seems to be a viable option for parenchyma-sparing pancreatectomy.
Patients And Methods: On the basis of the imaging features, family history, genomic alterations, intraoperative ultrasound examination, and frozen section evaluation, we have proposed patient selection strategies for the LDSP-STP/TP technique for the first time. Additionally, a comprehensive step-by-step overview of this technique has been provided.
Article Synopsis
- Histological grading is critical for predicting outcomes, guiding treatment, and evaluating recurrence in non-functional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NF-Pan-NET), with better prognosis in patients lacking copy number variation (CNV).
- The study examined tumor cell heterogeneity based on genomic instability and histological grading, uncovering significant differences in the activated core pathways.
- Key immune cells, such as lymphatic endothelial cells, macrophages, and Treg cells, were identified as contributors to hepatic metastases, enhancing the understanding of NF-Pan-NET's malignant potential.
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is highly malignant and has a poor prognosis, without effective therapeutic targets in common gene mutations. Gemcitabine, a first-line chemotherapeutic for PDAC, confers <10 % 5-year survival rate because of drug resistance. Y-box binding protein 1 (YBX1), associated with multidrug-resistance gene activation, remains unelucidated in PDAC gemcitabine resistance.
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- * There's a shortage of preclinical models for studying these tumors due to their slow-growing nature, prompting researchers to develop new models from a patient with a grade 3 tumor.
- * The study created patient-derived organoids, xenografts, and a cell line from the same individual, finding that the patient-derived xenograft model best mimics human tumor tissue for future research.
O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) removes alkyl adducts from the guanine O6 position (O-MG) and repairs DNA damage. High MGMT expression results in poor response to temozolomide (TMZ). However, the biological importance of MGMT and the mechanism underlying its high expression in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs) remain elusive.
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- - Pancreatic cancer cells, which have a high metabolic demand, struggle with nutrient supply due to their unique microenvironment characterized by abundant interstitium and poor blood flow.
- - The study investigates the role of transcription factor EB (TFEB) in pancreatic cancer, finding that TFEB promotes proliferation and metastasis by regulating the metabolism of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs).
- - Targeting TFEB with the drug eltrombopag, along with depleting BCAAs, shows potential as a new therapeutic approach to effectively inhibit the growth of pancreatic cancer cells.
Background: Laparoscopic radical pancreatectomy is safe and beneficial for recectable pancreatic cancer, but the extent of resection for early-stage tumors remains controversial.
Methods: Consecutive patients with left-sided pancreatic cancer who underwent either laparoscopic radical antegrade modular pancreatosplenectomy (LRAMPS, n = 54) or laparoscopic distal pancreatosplecnectomy (LDP, n = 131) between October 2020 and December 2022 were reviewed. The preoperative radiological selection criteria were as follows: (1) tumor diameter ≤ 4 cm; (2) located ≥ 1 cm from the celiac trunk; (3) didn't invade the fascial layer behind the pancreas.
Ferroptosis inhibits tumor progression in pancreatic cancer cells, while PITX2 is known to function as a pro-oncogenic factor in various tumor types, protecting them from ferroptosis and thereby promoting tumor progression. In this study, we sought to investigate the regulatory role of PITX2 in tumor cell ferroptosis within the context of pancreatic cancer. We conducted PITX2 knockdown experiments using lentiviral infection in two pancreatic cancer cell lines, namely PANC-1 and BxPC-3.
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- - Recent advancements in immunometabolism highlight its importance in regulating both innate and adaptive immune functions.
- - The text discusses how changes in metabolism affect immune cell functions and identifies key metabolic checkpoints in various immune cells.
- - Future research aims to overcome current challenges in immunotherapy, enhancing immune responses and expanding treatment options.
Background: Postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) is the most prevalent complications following minimally invasive pancreaticoduodenectomy (MIPD). Only one model related to MIPD exists, and previous POPF scoring prediction methods are based on open pancreaticoduodenectomy patients. Our objectives are to determine the variables that may increase the probability of pancreatic fistula following MIPD and to develop and validate a POPF predictive risk model.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play an important role in a variety of cancers. However, the role of tumor stroma in nonfunctional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NF-PanNETs) is often neglected. Profiling the heterogeneity of CAFs can reveal the causes of malignant phenotypes in NF-PanNETs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: There is no evidence supporting the feasibility of laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy (LPD) compared to open pancreatoduodenectomy (OPD) following neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).
Methods: The clinical data of consecutive patients with borderline resectable PDAC who received NACT and underwent either LPD or OPD between January 2020 and December 2022 at Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center was prospectively collected and retrospectively analyzed.
Results: The analysis included 57 patients in the OPD group and 20 in the LPD group.
Article Synopsis
- Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive cancer often associated with recurrence and metastasis, and research indicates that tumor cells with a greater invasive potential are more susceptible to a form of cell death called ferroptosis.
- The study focuses on the role of SMAD4, a key protein in the TGF-β signaling pathway, which is often lost in PDAC cases, leading to changes in cell behavior and vulnerability to ferroptosis.
- Findings reveal that SMAD4 status influences TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and affects the expression of a gene called GPX4 that protects against ferroptosis, suggesting new treatment strategies for SMAD4-positive PD
Background: Tumors involving the main pancreatic duct (MPD) used to be a contraindication for enucleation.
Methods: Clinical data of consecutive patients with pancreatic tumors who received laparoscopic or robotic enucleation (LEN or REN) between January 2019 and December 2021 at Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center were analyzed.
Results: Ninety-six patients were included in the analysis, with 55 in the LEN group and 41 in the REN group, and no conversion to laparotomy.
Article Synopsis
- The study compares outcomes between two surgical methods for pancreatic enucleation: traditional open enucleation with pancreaticojejunostomy (PPJ) and minimally invasive enucleation (MEN).
- Results show that MEN leads to lower intraoperative bleeding, quicker recovery to a semi-liquid diet, and shorter hospital stays compared to open enucleation with PPJ.
- The findings suggest avoiding the combination of enucleation with PPJ due to higher complications and the potential for better long-term results with MEN, despite some risk of postoperative pancreatic fistula development.
Importance: The safety and efficacy of laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma remain controversial.
Objective: To compare laparoscopic and open pancreaticoduodenectomy performed by experienced surgeons in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
Design, Setting, And Participants: This was a noninferiority, open-label randomized clinical trial between September 20, 2019 and March 20, 2022, at 10 hospitals in China.
N-myc and STAT interactor (NMI) has been reported to interact with several transcription factors, including STATs family, c-Myc, N-Myc, and BRCA1, to indirectly affect transcription events and participate in multiple cellular processes. However, its function in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has seldom been studied. In this study, we investigated the regulation of NMI on PDAC progression and uncovered the underlying molecular mechanisms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Nuclear receptor coactivator 6 (NCoA6) is overexpressed in various cancers and considered a multifunctional coactivator of various transcription factors and nuclear receptors. However, the role of NCoA6 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains unclear.
Methods: NCoA6 expression data in PDAC were extracted from TCGA and GTEx databases, and their correlation with survival outcomes were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier plotter database.
PITX2 in pancreatic stellate cells promotes EMT in pancreatic cancer cells via the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai)
June 2023
Since the prognosis of patients with pancreatic cancer is very poor and there is a lack of treatment methods, this study is performed to investigate the function of PITX2 in pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) in the progression of pancreatic cancer. Scientific hypotheses are proposed according to bioinformatics analysis and tissue microarray analysis. Stable knockdown of in PSCs is achieved through lentiviral infection.
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