Aging of Polystyrene Micro/Nanoplastics Enhances Cephalosporin Phototransformation via Structure-Sensitive Interfacial Hydrogen Bonding.

Beyond their roles in adsorbing and transporting pollutants, microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs), particularly polystyrene variants (PS-M/NPs), have emerged as potential accelerators for the transformation of coexisting contaminants. This study uncovered a novel environmental phenomenon induced by aged PS-M/NPs and delved into the underlying mechanisms. Our findings revealed that the aged PS-M/NP particles significantly amplified the photodegradation of common cephalosporin antibiotics, and the extent of enhancement was tightly correlated to the molecular structures of cephalosporin antibiotics.

Thermodynamic performance of organic rankine cycle based pumped thermal energy storage system with different working fluids.

In the context of global efforts toward energy transition and carbon neutrality, thermal integrated pumped thermal energy storage (TIPTES) systems, especially those utilizing low-grade heat sources, have garnered significant attention due to their large capacity, flexibility, and environmental advantages. This paper explores a TIPTES system that harnesses industrial waste heat as a heat source. The system's heat pump (HP) subcycle and Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) subcycle are equipped with regenerators to optimize system configuration and enhance efficiency.

The positive feedback loop between SP1 and MAP2K2 significantly drives resistance to VEGFR inhibitors in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is one of the most common and aggressive malignancies of the urinary system. Despite being the first-line treatment for advanced ccRCC, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor inhibitors (VEGFRis) face significant limitations due to both initial and acquired resistance, which impede complete tumor eradication. Using a CRISPR/Cas9 library screening approach, was identified as a resistance-associated gene for three prevalent VEGFRis (Sunitinib, Axitinib, and Sorafenib).

Pharmacokinetics and Bioequivalence of Two Fixed-Dose Combination Tablets of Valsartan/Amlodipine (80/5 Mg) in Healthy Chinese Subjects.

Purpose: The study aimed to investigate the pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of coformulations of valsartan and amlodipine in healthy Chinese subjects under both fasting and fed conditions.

Methods: The research was conducted under both fasting and fed studies and employed a single-center, randomized, open-label, single-dose, three-period design with partial-repeat and crossover elements. A total of 71 healthy Chinese adult participants were included under fasting (n = 36) and fed (n = 35) conditions.

Socioeconomic and mental health inequalities in global burden of type 2 diabetes: Evidence from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

Aim: To explore the holistic impact of socioeconomic and mental health inequalities on the global burden of type 2 diabetes.

Materials And Methods: This cross-sectional study used data on the incidence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and mortality of type 2 diabetes as well as DALYs attributable to risk factors during 1990-2021 from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Average annual percent change (AAPC) was applied to assess the temporal trends from 1990 to 2021.

Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA in intraocular fluid of 11 suspected tuberculous uveitis patients by multiplex PCR.

Background: This study aims to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) DNA in intraocular fluid from clinically suspected tuberculous uveitis patients using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and investigate the diagnostic utility of multiplex PCR for tuberculous uveitis.

Methods: Primers targeting three specific genes (MPB64, CYP141, and IS6110) within the MTBC genome were designed. Multiplex PCR was conducted using DNA from the H37Rv strain as well as DNA extracted from fluids of confirmed tuberculosis patients to assess primer specificity and method feasibility.

Abnormal ac4C modification in metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver cells.

The pathogenesis of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) remains unclear due to the complexity of its etiology. The emerging field of the epitranscriptome has shown significant promise in advancing the understanding of disease pathogenesis and developing new therapeutic approaches. Recent research has demonstrated that N4-acetylcytosine (ac4C), an RNA modification within the epitranscriptome, is implicated in progression of various diseases.

Deciphering the Power of Resveratrol in Mitophagy: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Applications.

Resveratrol (RES), a natural polyphenolic compound, has garnered significant attention for its therapeutic potential in various pathological conditions. This review explores how RES modulates mitophagy-the selective autophagic degradation of mitochondria essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis. RES promotes the initiation and execution of mitophagy by enhancing PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitochondrial clearance, reducing reactive oxygen species production, and mitigating apoptosis, thereby preserving mitochondrial integrity.

A Review on the Extraction, Structural Characterization, Function, and Applications of Peptidoglycan.

Peptidoglycan (PGN) is the primary component of bacterial cell walls, consisting of linear glycan chains formed by alternating linkages of N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) and N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM) through glycosidic bonds. It exhibits biological activity in various aspects, making it a biologically significant macromolecule with extensive industrial application. This review aims to explore the latest research advancements in the extraction techniques, structural characterization, functions, and applications of PGN.

Lung cancer risk and its potential association with PM in Bagmati province, Nepal-A spatiotemporal study from 2012 to 2021.

Background: Despite examining the role of an association between particulate matter and lung cancer in low-income countries, studies on the association between long-term exposure to particulate matter and lung cancer risk are still contradictory. This study investigates the spatiotemporal distribution patterns of lung cancer incidence and potential association with particulate matter (PM) in Bagmati province, Nepal.

Methods: We performed a spatiotemporal study to analyze the LC - PM association, using LC and annual mean PM concentration data from 2012 to 2021.

Novel peptide inhibitor of matrix Metalloproteinases-1 from pufferfish skin collagen hydrolysates and its potential Photoprotective activity via the MAPK/AP-1 signaling pathway.

Takifugu bimaculatus, a pufferfish species farmed in Fujian Province, is known for its non-toxic flesh and collagen-rich skin. We identified a novel collagen-derived matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1) inhibitory peptide, from T. bimaculatus skin with potent anti-photoaging properties.

Syntactic development and its interplay with word processing and working memory in preschoolers' brain: An fNIRS longitudinal study.

Understanding how children acquire syntactic structures from a limited set of grammatical rules and use them creatively to convey meaning has been a longstanding interest for scientific communities. Previous studies on syntactic development have revealed its close correlation with the development of vocabulary and working memory. Our study sought to elucidate how the relations between syntactic processing, word processing, and working memory were instantiated in the brain, and how earlier neural patterns might predict language abilities one year later.

Chinese guidelines for ultrasound-guided thermal ablation of thyroid nodules (2024 Edition).

The Chinese Guidelines for Ultrasound-guided Thermal Ablation of Thyroid Nodules (2024 edition) were jointly initiated by the Ultrasound Committee of Chinese Medical Association, the Interventional Ultrasound Committee of Chinese Association of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering, the Ultrasonic Intervention Committee of Chinese Colleges of Interventionalists, the Oncological Intervention Committee of Chinese Research Hospital Association, 37 multidisciplinary experts in interventional ultrasound, ultrasound medicine, endocrinology and thyroid surgery participated in the compilation of this guide, which expanded the depth and breadth of the perspective and enhanced the authority of the guide. Based on the systematic review of literatures related to ultrasound-guided thermal ablation of thyroid nodules and the professional opinions of experts, the guidelines define the indications and contraindications of thermal ablation, including pre-ablation evaluation and preparation, thermal ablation techniques and operational procedures, post-ablation follow-up, therapeutic effect evaluation, complications prevention and treatment, and the writing of medical documents for ablation. According to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE), a total of 17 objective and comprehensive recommendations were given.

Tetrodotoxin: The State-of-the-Art Progress in Characterization, Detection, Biosynthesis, and Transport Enrichment.

Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a neurotoxin that binds to sodium channels and blocks sodium conduction. Importantly, TTX has been increasingly detected in edible aquatic organisms. Because of this and the lack of specific antidotes, TTX poisoning is now a major threat to public health.

A Multidrug Donor Preconditioning Improves Steatotic Rat Liver Allograft Function and Recipient Survival After Transplantation.

The scarcity of donors has prompted the growing utilization of steatotic livers, which are susceptible to injuries following orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). This study aims to assess the efficacy of multidrug donor preconditioning (MDDP) in alleviating injuries of steatotic grafts following rat OLT. Lean rats were subjected to a Western-style diet with high-fat (HF) and high-fructose (HFr) for 30 days to induce steatosis.

Heterogeneous blood pressure treatment effects on cognitive decline in type 2 diabetes: A machine learning analysis of a randomized clinical trial.

Aim: We aimed to identify the characteristics of patients with diabetes who can derive cognitive benefits from intensive blood pressure (BP) treatment using machine learning methods.

Materials And Methods: Using data from the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Memory in Diabetes (ACCORD-MIND) study, 1349 patients with type 2 diabetes who underwent BP treatment (intensive treatment targeting a systolic BP <120 mmHg vs. standard treatment targeting <140 mmHg) were included in the machine learning analysis.

Oral Intake of Collagen and Collagen Hydrolysate From Attenuates Ultraviolet-Induced Skin Photoaging in Mice.

With the rapid emergence of pufferfish aquaculture and processing industries, fish skin is underutilized as a byproduct of processing, leading to resource waste. In this study, skin collagen (TBSC) was extracted by acetic acid solubilization and its physicochemical properties were analyzed. The effects of TBSC and the TBSC hydrolysate (TBSCH) on ultraviolet (UV) irradiation-induced photoaging were investigated using a mouse model.

Gallstones, cholecystectomy, and cancer risk: an observational and Mendelian randomization study.

This study aimed to comprehensively examine the association of gallstones, cholecystectomy, and cancer risk. Multivariable logistic regressions were performed to estimate the observational associations of gallstones and cholecystectomy with cancer risk, using data from a nationwide cohort involving 239 799 participants. General and gender-specific two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was further conducted to assess the causalities of the observed associations.

In vitro fertilization, intracytoplasmic sperm injection, in vitro maturation, and embryo culture.

Infertility is a highly prevalent disease affecting 1 in 6 couples worldwide. While there are numerous treatment options available to treat infertility, fertilization (IVF) is the most successful therapy available. IVF traditionally involves superovulation of the ovaries followed by ultrasound (US)-guided oocyte retrieval, fertilization of oocytes and culture of resultant embryos.

Endoscopic Endonasal Surgery of Skull Base Osteoradionecrosis with the Internal Carotid Artery Invaded: Clinical Characteristic and Surgical Strategy.

Objective: This study aims to summarize the clinical characteristics of skull base osteoradionecrosis (ORN) with the internal carotid artery (ICA) involvement and to distill the key surgical techniques that can enhance the protective measures for ICA.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective, observational study over a six-year period from February 2017 to May 2023. We included patients who were diagnosed with osteoradionecrosis with invasion of the internal carotid artery and collected their demographic information, pathology results, complication rates, ect.

Shared genetic architecture of type 2 diabetes with muscle mass and function and frailty reveals comorbidity etiology and pleiotropic druggable targets.

Background: Delineating the shared genetic architecture of type 2 diabetes with muscle mass and function and frailty is essential for unraveling the common etiology and developing holistic therapeutic strategies for these co-existing conditions.

Methods: In this genome-wide pleiotropic association study, we performed multi-level pairwise trait pleiotropic analyses using genome-wide association study summary statistics from up to 461,026 European ancestry individuals to dissect the shared genetic factors and causal relationships of type 2 diabetes and seven glycemic traits with four muscle mass- and function-related phenotypes and the frailty index.

Results: We first identified 27 pairs with significant genetic correlations through the linkage disequilibrium score regression and high-definition likelihood analysis.

Unraveling key non-volatiles responsible for taste differences of Pixian broad bean paste based on sensory analysis and untargeted metabolomics.

Besides aroma, the tastes of Pixian Broad Bean Paste (PBBP) are also important, however, they have not yet been thoroughly elucidated. Therefore, this study employed sensory and untargeted metabolomics approaches to investigate taste characteristics, molecular basis and their metabolic pathways of PBBP from three different manufacturers and two grades. Results showed PBBP was predominantly characterized by strong sour, umami and salty tastes, and significant differences were observed in samples from different manufacturers and grades (p < 0.

A multicenter, randomized, parallel-controlled clinical trial protocol to evaluate the safety and efficacy of irreversible electroporation compared with radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of small hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: At present, the main clinical application of local ablation therapy, such as radiofrequency ablation (RFA), is to heat the tissue to a certain temperature. However, high temperature will cause thermal damage. Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is a novel minimally invasive local ablation technology for tumors.