Publications by authors named "Xu Manman"
Inflammatory bowel disease is associated with several genetic risk loci. Loss-of-function mutation in the α1,2-fucosyltransferase (fut2) gene, which alters fucosylation on the surface of intestinal epithelial cells, is one example. However, whether bacterial fucosylation can contribute to gut inflammation is unclear.
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- The study aimed to understand how diabetes mellitus (DM) affects recovery and survival in patients with gastric cancer who underwent radical gastrectomy, using a method called propensity score matching to compare outcomes.
- It involved analyzing 2,508 patients, finding that 11.8% had DM, and after matching, complications in DM patients were notably higher, leading to longer hospital stays, but overall survival rates were similar between DM and non-DM patients.
- Factors like older age, lower BMI, larger tumor sizes, and severe complications were identified as independent risks influencing overall survival in these patients.
Background: Intestine epithelial hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) plays a critical role in maintaining gut barrier function. The aim of this study was to determine whether pharmacological or genetic activation of intestinal HIF-1α ameliorates western diet-induced metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.
Methods: Metabolic effects of pharmacological activation of HIF-1α by dimethyloxalylglycine were evaluated in HIF-α luciferase reporter (ODD-luc) mice.
Article Synopsis
- Immunotherapy represents a promising strategy for treating malignant tumors, but its effectiveness varies significantly among patients and cancer types.
- Recent research suggests that certain gut bacteria and their metabolites might contribute to resistance against anti-tumor immunotherapy, highlighting a need to understand these mechanisms better.
- Natural products, including various medicinal herbs and dietary substances, show potential in enhancing the effectiveness of immunotherapy by modulating gut microbiota, and further studies are necessary to explore their applications across different types of cancer.
Article Synopsis
- The study examines how wind and operator skill affect the performance and safety of slewing cranes, particularly their swing angles.
- It develops an anti-swing control system using a mechanical setup and fuzzy PID control to enhance operation safety and efficiency.
- Results indicate a significant reduction in swing angles by 88% and 75% for the lifting arm, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed anti-swing mechanism.
The Performance and Fabrication of 3D Variable Cross-Section Channel for Passive Microfluidic Control.
Micromachines (Basel)
August 2024
Article Synopsis
- * Traditional methods for analyzing flow in these systems are easier in 2D than in 3D, but advancements in 3D printing now allow for the manufacturing of complex, irregular channel designs that can lead to improved fluid control.
- * The study demonstrates that a 3D printed periodic tetrahedron channel performs comparably to conventional passive fluid control methods, suggesting significant potential for enhanced performance in fluid control applications.
Article Synopsis
- Intracranial hemorrhage poses a significant risk with standard-dose ticagrelor in dual antiplatelet therapy for patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms, leading researchers to explore a lower dose.
- A study compared the effects of half-dose ticagrelor and standard-dose clopidogrel in patients undergoing stent-assist coiling or flow diversion, measuring platelet aggregation and adverse events over six months.
- The results showed that half-dose ticagrelor had comparable antithrombotic effects and safety profiles to clopidogrel, suggesting it could be a viable alternative in managing these patients.
Article Synopsis
- Dietary doses of copper, in combination with fructose, impact metabolic dysfunction and contribute to MASLD through the gut-liver axis.
- A study on rats identified 2847 differentially expressed proteins in the ileum, highlighting specific pathways affected by varying copper levels and fructose.
- Key findings indicate that different copper-fructose diets uniquely alter pathways related to oxidative stress, arachidonic acid metabolism, and gut barrier integrity, which are crucial for understanding MASLD development.
Article Synopsis
- Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a significant complication after liver transplantation, especially when using grafts from donors after cardiac death (DCD), prompting the development of a machine-learning model to predict its occurrence.
- A study involving 894 liver transplant recipients utilized five machine learning algorithms and 17 clinical variables to create and test prediction models, with the gradient boosting machine (GBM) proving to be the most effective.
- The GBM model, which identified key factors such as high preoperative bilirubin and low urine output, is reliable for predicting AKI and could aid clinicians in identifying high-risk patients for timely intervention.
Article Synopsis
- Sarcopenia, or low muscle mass, contributes to poor outcomes in patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF), and this study examined how myosteatosis (fat infiltration in muscles) relates to short-term mortality.
- The research involved analyzing the body composition of 431 ACLF patients, finding that 60.6% had myosteatosis and 20.2% had sarcopenia; key factors linked to increased 90-day mortality included age, AARC score, and sarcopenia.
- Specifically in male patients with HBV-ACLF, myosteatosis emerged as a promising predictor of 90-day mortality, indicating a need for further research
Article Synopsis
- Cancer and cardiovascular diseases are linked, with metabolic changes and treatment side effects affecting both conditions, particularly through lipid metabolism.
- This study investigates how lipid metabolic reprogramming in tumors impacts cardiac health and explores risk factors like obesity and cancer therapies.
- The review highlights the need for drug development targeting lipid metabolism to address both tumor treatment and cardiovascular risks, specifically examining natural drugs with dual therapeutic effects.
Article Synopsis
- This study explores a new method for inducing severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) in mice to better understand the disease's pathology and potential treatments.
- By adjusting intraperitoneal injections of Caerulein and LPS, the researchers found a protocol that can produce a high mortality rate (up to 80%) in just five days.
- The resulting animal model is highly controllable, reproducible, and closely mimics human SAP characteristics, making it a practical tool for future research.
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates the role of fatty acid desaturase 1 (FADS1) in metabolic diseases, specifically how reduced FADS1 activity is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD).
- The researchers used adeno-associated virus serotype 8 (AAV8) to overexpress FADS1 in rats fed different diets and found that this overexpression improved metabolic health, including better glucose tolerance and lower triglyceride levels.
- The results indicate that enhancing FADS1 activity can be a potential treatment for MASLD, particularly by inhibiting harmful fatty acid processes in diet-induced conditions.
Acute decompensation of cirrhosis versus acute-on-chronic liver failure: What are the clinical implications?
United European Gastroenterol J
March 2024
Article Synopsis
- It's important to identify specific patient subgroups with poorer outcomes in liver disease to improve clinical management and expand treatment options.
- Recent differentiation between acute-on-chronic liver failure syndrome (ACLF) and acute decompensation (AD) has arisen, highlighting the need to accurately assess these conditions as they impact prognosis differently.
- This review will analyze Eastern and Western approaches to ACLF and AD, emphasizing prevention strategies and management options like liver transplantation and end-of-life decisions.
Article Synopsis
- Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the loss of dopamine-producing cells, and this study used various doses of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) to replicate different stages of PD in mice for behavioral and neuropathological analysis.
- The experiment involved injecting 0.5 μg, 1 μg, and 2 μg of 6-OHDA into a specific brain area, leading to dose-dependent neuronal damage, with notable changes in motor skills and no anxiety but signs of depression.
- Findings indicated that a 1 μg dose was sufficient to model both motor and non-motor symptoms, making it a useful tool for researching PD progression and potential treatments.
Article Synopsis
- Low muscle function is a significant predictor of 90-day mortality in patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure, surpassing the impact of low muscle mass.
- The study analyzed 126 patients and utilized the liver frailty index to assess muscle function, identifying low muscle function as an independent risk factor for mortality.
- It highlights the need for clinicians to prioritize muscle function assessments and consider targeted treatments to improve outcomes for these patients.
Article Synopsis
- There's no current scoring system to predict cirrhosis in patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) without cirrhosis, which this study aims to address by developing a nomogram based on psoas muscle index (PMI).
- The study included 274 non-cirrhotic HBV-ACLF patients, separating them into training and validation groups, and found that a higher PMI was linked to a lower risk of developing cirrhosis over 360 days.
- The developed nomogram showed strong predictive accuracy in assessing cirrhosis risk, with AUROC values of 0.812 and 0.824 in the training and validation groups, respectively, and confirmed its effectiveness through
Article Synopsis
- - Cervical cancer is a major health concern in developing countries, and creating an accurate preclinical model for its tumors has been difficult.
- - Researchers developed a biobank of patient-derived organoids (PDOs) from 67 cases of cervical cancer that accurately reflect the tumors' characteristics and responses to treatment.
- - The study shows that co-culturing these organoids with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes can help predict responses to adoptive T cell therapy, indicating the PDOs' potential use in guiding future cervical cancer treatments.
Article Synopsis
- The study analyzes the static magnetic field of a sector permanent magnet governor using the molecular current method to understand its magnetic and mechanical properties.
- Comparison between analytical and simulation results indicates they are largely consistent, aiding in examining how various factors like radial position and thickness affect magnetic induction intensity.
- Experimental results from a test bench show a 27.5% increase in magnetic induction strength, a 14.3% increase in axial air gap flux density, and a reduction of 7.84% in permanent magnet material.
Article Synopsis
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown promise in treating various cancers, but clinicians face challenges like resistance and measuring drug effectiveness, especially for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
- This review highlights mechanisms behind ICI resistance in HCC, discusses immune responses, and aims to encourage the development of effective combination treatment strategies.
- It also explores unique response patterns like pseudoprogression and hyperprogression, emphasizing the need for better evaluation methods and the ongoing search for understanding ICI mechanisms and predictive biomarkers through future studies.
Article Synopsis
- A systematic review and Bayesian meta-analysis was conducted to determine the most effective first-line immunotherapy for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) without driver gene mutations.
- Results indicated that for patients with low PD-L1 expression, a combination of sintilimab and chemotherapy offered the best overall survival, while atezolizumab combined with bevacizumab and chemotherapy significantly improved objective response rates compared to chemotherapy alone.
- Subgroup analyses revealed that pembrolizumab with chemotherapy showed the highest overall survival rates in specific subgroups, like non-squamous patients without CNS metastases, while different combinations performed best for other patient categories.
Local Path Planning for Mobile Robots Based on Fuzzy Dynamic Window Algorithm.
Sensors (Basel)
October 2023
Article Synopsis
- - The study focuses on improving path planning for collaborative mobile robots in dynamic environments, where traditional methods struggle due to fixed weight coefficients that make adaptability difficult.
- - By using fuzzy control logic to adjust these coefficients, the research aims to optimize obstacle avoidance and enhance overall algorithm performance, integrating both local and global path planning strategies.
- - Simulation results indicate that the proposed enhanced dynamic window algorithm reduces planning time and path length by 16% and 5%, respectively, while effectively navigating around obstacles in varying environments, though achieving a local optimum remains challenging.
Article Synopsis
- Electrocatalytic oxidation often faces issues like low degradation efficiency, slow mass transfer, and high energy use; a new system was developed to tackle these problems for drug removal.
- This innovative system features single-atom Zr embedded TiO as the anode and hierarchical CuFeO microspheres as microelectrodes, achieving high degradation rates of drugs like atenolol (98.8%) and diclofenac sodium (85.5%) in just 120 minutes with low energy consumption.
- The study also highlights the importance of reducing reaction energy barriers and structural advantages of the materials used, which boosts overall electrochemical performance and indicates promising advancements in single-atom material design.
Article Synopsis
- - Cancer remains a major global health issue, with traditional treatments struggling due to challenges like drug resistance and targeting tumors effectively.
- - Nanomedicine offers new hope for cancer therapy by enhancing drug delivery through nanoparticle technologies, improving treatment specificity, efficacy, and tolerability.
- - The review highlights the potential of nanomedicine across various treatment methods and stresses the importance of addressing challenges like toxicity and drug delivery to fully realize its benefits in cancer treatment.