BOEC-Exo Addition Promotes In Vitro Maturation of Bovine Oocyte and Enhances the Developmental Competence of Early Embryos.

Exosomes are nano-sized vesicles with abundant nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and other regulatory molecules. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of BOEC-Exo on bovine in vitro oocyte maturation and in vitro embryo development. We found that a 3% Exo supplementation to IVM media significantly enhanced the oocyte maturation and reduced the accumulation of ROS in MII-stage bovine oocytes.

Extracellular vesicles improve embryo cryotolerance by maintaining the tight junction integrity during blastocoel re-expansion.

Cryopreservation is a process in which the intact living cells, tissues, or embryos are preserved at subzero temperatures for preservation. The cryopreservation process highly impacts the survival and quality of the in vitro-produced (IVP) embryos. Some studies have highlighted the use of oviduct extracellular vesicles (EVs) to improve the cryotolerance of IVP embryos but the mechanism has not been well studied.

Effects of Donor Cell Types on the Development of Bovine Embryos Using Cytoplasm Injection Cloning Technology.

Cytoplasm injection cloning technology (CICT) is an efficient technique for evaluating the developmental potential of cloned embryos. In this study, we investigated the effects of donor cell type on the developmental potential and quality of cloned bovine embryos. Adult fibroblasts (AFs) and embryonic cells (ECs) were used as donor cells to clone bovine embryos using CICT.

Constitutive Expression of TERT Enhances β-Klotho Expression and Improves Age-Related Deterioration in Early Bovine Embryos.

Age-associated decline in oocyte quality is one of the dominant factors of low fertility. Aging alters several key processes, such as telomere lengthening, cell senescence, and cellular longevity of granulosa cells surrounding oocyte. To investigate the age-dependent molecular changes, we examined the expression, localization, and correlation of telomerase reverse transcriptase () and β-Klotho () in bovine granulosa cells, oocytes, and early embryos during the aging process.

Bovine Oviduct Epithelial Cell-Derived Culture Media and Exosomes Improve Mitochondrial Health by Restoring Metabolic Flux during Pre-Implantation Development.

Oviduct flushing is enriched by a wide variety of nutrients that guide the 3-4 days journey of pre-implantation embryo through the oviduct as it develops into a competent blastocyst (BL). However, little is known about the specific requirement and role of these nutrients that orchestrate the early stages of embryonic development. In this study, we aimed to characterize the effect of in vitro-derived bovine oviduct epithelial cell (BOECs) secretion that mimics the in vivo oviduct micro-fluid like environment, which allows successful embryonic development.

Effect of nicotinamide supplementation in in vitro fertilization medium on bovine embryo development.

Increased oxidative stress is one of the main causes of poorly developed embryos in assisted reproductive technologies. Nicotinamide (NAM) has been shown to suppress reactive oxygen species (ROS) production through its potent antioxidative and anti-senescent effects. In the present study, we explored the effects of short-term NAM-treatment (3 and 5 h) during in vitro fertilization (IVF) on the development of bovine embryos.

Effect of Additional Cytoplasm of Cloned Embryo on Developmental Competence and Reprogramming Efficiency in Mice.

Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is an important technique for biological science research. Cytoplasm injection cloning technology (CICT) was developed to improve the reprogramming efficiency as well as to overcome the limitations of SCNT. CICT uses an additional cytoplasm fused with an enucleated oocyte to restore the cytoplasmic volume of the cloned embryo, and this method could improve the reprogramming efficiency of the cloned embryo.

Matrix metalloproteinases improves trophoblast invasion and pregnancy potential in mice.

Successful implantation is closely linked to the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9, which greatly influence the ability of an embryo to degrade the basement membrane of the uterine epithelium, mainly composed of type IV collagen, and invade the uterine stroma. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of MMP-2 and MMP-9 co-transfer with embryos on reproductive performance in mice. Using invasion assay, we tested the effect of MMP-2 and MMP-9 for their ability to support trophoblastic invasion in vitro.

Role of Wnt Signaling During In-Vitro Bovine Blastocyst Development and Maturation in Synergism with PPARδ Signaling.

Wnt/β-catenin signaling plays vital role in the regulation of cellular proliferation, migration, stem cells cell renewal and genetic stability. This pathway is crucial during the early developmental process; however, the distinct role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling during pre-implantation period of bovine embryonic development is obscure. Here, we evaluated the critical role of Wnt/β-catenin pathway in the regulation of bovine blastocyst (BL) development and hatching.

The PPARδ Agonist GW501516 Improves Lipolytic/Lipogenic Balance through CPT1 and PEPCK during the Development of Pre-Implantation Bovine Embryos.

The PPARs (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors) play critical roles in the regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism. PPARδ, a member of the PPARs family, is associated with decreased susceptibility to ectopic lipid deposition and is implicated in the regulation of mitochondrial processes. The current study aimed to determine the role of PPARδ in fatty acid β-oxidation and its influence on PEPCK for the lipogenic/lipolytic balance during in vitro bovine oocyte maturation and embryo development.

PTPN11 (SHP2) Is Indispensable for Growth Factors and Cytokine Signal Transduction During Bovine Oocyte Maturation and Blastocyst Development.

This study was aimed to investigate the role of SHP2 (Src-homology-2-containing phosphotyrosine phosphatase) in intricate signaling networks invoked by bovine oocyte to achieve maturation and blastocyst development. (Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, non-receptor type 11) encoding protein SHP2, a positive transducer of RTKs (Receptor Tyrosine Kinases) and cytokine receptors, can play a significant role in bovine oocyte maturation and embryo development, but this phenomenon has not yet been explored. Here, we used different growth factors, cytokines, selective activator, and a specific inhibitor of SHP2 to ascertain its role in bovine oocyte developmental stages in vitro.

Production of cloned cats using additional complimentary cytoplasm.

Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is an important technique for producing cloned animals. It, however, is inefficient when there is use of SCNT for cloned animal production. Cytoplasm injection cloning technology (CICT) was developed to overcome the inefficiencies of SCNT use of this purpose.

Polydatin and I-CBP112 protects early bovine embryo against nicotinamide-induced mitochondrial dysfunction.

The mammalian Sirtuin family of seven enzymes, members of the NAD-dependent histone deacetylase family that modify histones via direct deacetylation, is involved in the regulation of many antioxidant and oxidative stresses. In the present study, we explored the effects of nicotinamide (NAM)-induced oxidative stress on the in vitro development of bovine embryos, on the acetylation of histone H3 lysine 56 (H3K56ac) and on expression of apoptosis-related genes. Treatment with NAM (10, 20 or 40 mM for 24, 48 or 196 h) during IVC resulted in significantly decreased blastocyst formation (24 h: 38.

Improves the In Vitro Developmental Competence and Reprogramming Efficiency of Cloned Bovine Embryos by Additional Complimentary Cytoplasm.

Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is a useful technology; however, its efficiency is low. In this study, we investigated the effects of cytoplasmic transfer into enucleated oocytes on the developmental competence and quality of cloned preimplantation bovine embryos via terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling, quantitative reverse transcription PCR, and immunocytochemistry. We used cytoplasm injection cloning technology (CICT), a new technique via which the cytoplasmic volume of an enucleated oocyte could be restored by injecting ∼30% of the cytoplasm of a donor oocyte.

In vitro production of sex preselected cattle embryos using a monoclonal antibody raised against bull sperm epitopes.

Sex preselection has always generated great interest among livestock producers. Among the prevalent sperm sorting methods, there is much evidence that sex sorting has a negative effect on sperm quality with an altered pattern of sperm motility, ultimately reducing the period of cell viability. In this study, we have established a new approach for the preselected embryo production by using WholeMom®; a monoclonal antibody developed against bull sperm epitopes for simple and easy separation of X- and Y-sperm.

Improved developmental competence in embryos treated with lycopene during in vitro culture system.

In vitro embryo development remains suboptimal compared to in vivo development due to the challenge from various stressors associated with in vitro culturing of oocytes. When 0.2 μM lycopene was added to oocyte in vitro maturation and embryo culture media, to assess its antioxidant effects on embryo development, we observed a significant (p < 0.

Supplementation of lycopene in maturation media improves bovine embryo quality in vitro.

This study sought to modulate factors that reduce embryo quality in in vitro culture (IVC) systems. Over eight replicates, 3075 oocytes were cultured in in vitro maturation media containing various concentrations of lycopene, followed by in vitro fertilization and culture. The percentages of MII-stage oocytes, the presumptive zygotes that underwent cleavage and developed into blastocysts were significantly (P < 0.

Improvement of in vitro-produced bovine embryo treated with coagulansin-A under heat-stressed condition.

Heat stress has large effects on reproduction including conception rate in cattle. In this study, we examined the effects of coagulansin-A (coa-A), a steroidal lactone, on acquired thermo tolerance during in vitro production of bovine embryos. Oocytes were incubated in in vitro maturation (IVM) media with or without coa-A at two different temperatures, 40.