Age-related variations in heart rate variability profiles among patients with schizophrenia and major depressive disorder.

Patients with psychiatric disorders exhibit general autonomic dysregulation and elevated cardiovascular risks, which could be indexed by heart rate variability (HRV). However, HRV is susceptible to age and other patient-specific factors. This study aimed to investigate the HRV profile and age-related variations, as well as the potential influence of sex, BMI, and HR on HRV in psychiatric populations.

Cognitive impairment in adolescent and adult-onset psychosis: a comparative study.

Background: Cognitive impairment presents in both adolescent-onset(ado-OP) and adult-onset psychosis(adu-OP). Age and neurodevelopmental factors likely contribute to cognitive differences. This study aimed to characterize cognitive functions in ado-OP compared to adu-OP in a clinical population with drug-naive first-episode psychosis(FEP).

Timeframe for Conversion to Psychosis From Individuals at Clinical High-Risk: A Quantile Regression.

Background And Hypothesis: The time taken for an individual who is at the clinical high-risk (CHR) stage to transition to full-blown psychosis may vary from months to years. This temporal aspect, known as the timeframe for conversion to psychosis (TCP), is a crucial but relatively underexplored dimension of psychosis development.

Study Design: The sample consisted of 145 individuals with CHR who completed a 5-year follow-up with a confirmed transition to psychosis within this period.

Distribution of self-reported borderline personality disorder traits symptoms in a large-scale clinical population.

Introduction: Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) traits play a crucial role in the prognosis of psychiatric disorders, as well as in assessing risks associated with negativity and impulsivity. However, there is a lack of data regarding the distribution characteristics of BPD traits and symptoms within clinical populations.

Methods: A total of 3015 participants (1321 males, 1694 females) were consecutively sampled from outpatients at the psychiatric and psycho-counseling clinics at the Shanghai Mental Health Center.

Comprehensive review of multidimensional biomarkers in the ShangHai At Risk for Psychosis (SHARP) program for early psychosis identification.

Psychosis is recognized as one of the largest contributors to nonfatal health loss, and early identification can largely improve routine clinical activity by predicting the psychotic course and guiding treatment. Clinicians have used the clinical high-risk for psychosis (CHR) paradigm to better understand the risk factors that contribute to the onset of psychotic disorders. Clinical factors have been widely applied to calculate the individualized risks for conversion to psychosis 1-2 years later.

Cognitive Impairments in Drug-Naive Patients With First-Episode Negative Symptom-Dominant Psychosis.

Importance: Available antipsychotic medications are predominantly used to treat positive symptoms, such as hallucinations and delusions, in patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP). However, treating negative and cognitive symptoms, which are closely related to functional outcomes, remains a challenge.

Objective: To explore the cognitive characteristics of patients with negative symptom-dominant (NSD) psychosis.

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide Alleviates Motion Sickness Potentially through Regulating Endolymph Volume in the Inner Ear Increased by Arginine Vasopressin.

Introduction: Dimenhydrinate and scopolamine are frequently used drugs, but they cause drowsiness and performance decrement. Therefore, it is crucial to find peripheral targets and develop new drugs without central side effects. This study aimed to investigate the anti-motion sickness action and inner ear-related mechanisms of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP).

Sex Differences in Personality Disorder and Childhood Maltreatment of Patients with Schizophrenia.

Introduction: Despite numerous studies investigating personality disorder (PD) and childhood maltreatment (CM) characteristics in individuals with schizophrenia (SZ), there remains a scarcity of research focusing on sex differences in PD and CM within large samples of SZ patients.

Methods: A total of 592 participants (257 males, 335 females) were consecutively sampled from patients diagnosed with SZ at the psychiatric and psycho-counseling clinics at Shanghai Mental Health Center. PDs were assessed using a self-reported personality diagnostic questionnaire and a structured clinical interview, while CMs were evaluated using the Chinese version of the Child Trauma Questionnaire Short Form.

Advancements and Future Directions in Prevention Based on Evaluation for Individuals With Clinical High Risk of Psychosis: Insights From the SHARP Study.

Background And Hypothesis: This review examines the evolution and future prospects of prevention based on evaluation (PBE) for individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) of psychosis, drawing insights from the SHARP (Shanghai At Risk for Psychosis) study. It aims to assess the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions in preventing psychosis onset among CHR individuals.

Study Design: The review provides an overview of the developmental history of the SHARP study and its contributions to understanding the needs of CHR individuals.

Prenatal exposure to fenvalerate causes depressive-like behavior in adulthood by inhibiting brain-derived 5-HT synthesis.

The developmental toxicity of fenvalerate, a representative pyrethroid insecticide, is well documented. The present study aimed to explore whether prenatal exposure to fenvalerate causes depression-like behavior in adulthood. Pregnant mice were orally administrated with either corn oil or fenvalerate (2 or 20 mg/kg) during pregnancy.

Cognitive functions following initiation of antipsychotic medication in adolescents and adults at clinical high risk for psychosis: a naturalistic sub group analysis using the MATRICS consensus cognitive battery.

Background: The effects of antipsychotic (AP) medications on cognitive functions in individuals at clinical high-risk (CHR) of psychosis are poorly understood. This study compared the effects of AP treatment on cognitive improvement in CHR adolescents and adults.

Methods: A total of 327 CHR participants, with an age range of 13 to 45 years, who underwent baseline neuropsychological assessments and a 1-year clinical follow-up were included.

Association between serum cytokines and timeframe for conversion from clinical high-risk to psychosis.

Aim: Although many studies have explored the link between inflammatory markers and psychosis, there is a paucity of research investigating the temporal progression in individuals at clinical high-risk (CHR) who eventually develop full psychosis. To address this gap, we investigated the correlation between serum cytokine levels and Timeframe for Conversion to Psychosis (TCP) in individuals with CHR.

Methods: We enrolled 53 individuals with CHR who completed a 5-year follow-up with a confirmed conversion to psychosis.

Childhood maltreatment and personality disorders in adolescents and adults with psychotic or non-psychotic disorders.

Introduction: While the attention to personality disorders (PD) and childhood maltreatment (CM) has grown in recent years, there remains limited understanding of the prevalence and distinctions of PD and CM in clinical populations of Chinese adolescents in comparison to adults.

Methods: A total of 1,417 participants were consecutively sampled from patients diagnosed with either psychotic or non-psychotic disorders in the psychiatric and psycho-counseling clinics at Shanghai Mental Health Center. The participants were categorized into two groups based on their age: adolescents (aged 15-21 years) and adults (aged 22-35 years).

Correlative relationship between body mass index and heart rate variability in psychiatric disorders.

Indicators of heart rate variability (HRV) have been used to assess the autonomic activity. However, the influence of obesity on HRV in these patients remains to be determined. This study aimed to examine how obesity (measured with the body mass index [BMI]) affects HRV and determine whether the effect varies among different psychiatric disorders.

Models of mild cognitive deficits in risk assessment in early psychosis.

Background: Mild cognitive deficits (MCD) emerge before the first episode of psychosis (FEP) and persist in the clinical high-risk (CHR) stage. This study aims to refine risk prediction by developing MCD models optimized for specific early psychosis stages and target populations.

Methods: A comprehensive neuropsychological battery assessed 1059 individuals with FEP, 794 CHR, and 774 matched healthy controls (HCs).

Expression and clinical significance of miR-141-5p as a biomarker in the serum of patients with early spontaneous abortion.

Aim: miR-141-5p expression in patients with Early Spontaneous Abortion (ESA) and its correlation with hormone levels during pregnancy were investigated.

Methods: A total of 70 pregnant women with ESA were selected as the research group, and 70 normal pregnant women who chose abortion for non-medical reasons were selected as the Con group. Serum β-HCG, Progesterone (P), and Estrogen (E2) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Duration of Untreated Prodromal Psychosis and Cognitive Impairments.

Importance: The possible association between the duration of untreated prodromal symptoms (DUPrS) and cognitive functioning in individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis remains underexplored.

Objective: To investigate the intricate interplay between DUPrS, cognitive performance, and conversion outcomes, shedding light on the potential role of DUPrS in shaping cognitive trajectories and psychosis risk in individuals at CHR for psychosis.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cohort study of individuals at CHR for psychosis was conducted at the Shanghai Mental Health Center in China from January 10, 2016, to December 29, 2021.

Impaired insight and error-monitoring deficits among outpatients with attenuated psychosis syndrome and first-episode psychosis.

We aimed to determine the relationship between electrophysiological signatures of error monitoring and clinical insight among outpatients with attenuated psychosis syndrome (APS) and first-episode psychosis (FEP). Error-related negativity (ERN), error positivity (Pe), and correct response negativity (CRN) were recorded during a modified flanker task for patients with FEP (n = 32), APS individuals (n = 58), and healthy controls (HC, n = 49). Clinical insight was measured using the Schedule of Assessment of Insight (SAI) and included awareness of illness (SAI-illness), relabeling of specific symptoms (SAI-symptoms), and treatment compliance (SAI-treatment).

Direct and indirect effects of error monitoring on social functioning in a cohort with high-risk and first-episode psychosis.

Error monitoring plays a key role in people's adjustment to social life. This study aimed to examine the direct (DE) and indirect effects (IDE) of error monitoring, as indicated by error-related negativity (ERN), on social functioning in a clinical cohort from high-risk (APS) to first-episode psychosis (FEP). This study recruited 100 outpatients and 49 healthy controls (HC).

Duration of untreated prodromal psychosis among individuals with clinical high risk for psychosis.

The impact of the duration of untreated psychosis on the outcomes of schizophrenia has been extensively studied. However, there is a notable gap in the current understanding of the relationship between the duration of untreated prodromal symptoms (DUPrS) and the development of psychosis in individuals at clinical high risk (CHR). A sample of 704 individuals with CHR was identified through a structured interview, of who 145 (20.

Psychiatric emergency department visits during the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic.

Background: Previous research has demonstrated the negative impact of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on mental health.

Aims: To examine changes in the Chinese psychiatric emergency department (PED) visits for mental health crises that occurred during the pandemic.

Methods: Before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, PED visit counts from the largest psychiatric hospital in China between 2018 and 2020 were investigated.