Electrocatalytic reduction of CO to produce the C products: from selectivity to rational catalyst design.

Electrocatalytic reduction of CO (eCORR) into valuable multi-carbon (C) products is an effective strategy for combating climate change and mitigating energy crises. The high-energy density and diverse applications of C products have attracted considerable interest. However, the complexity of the reaction pathways and the high energy barriers to C-C coupling lead to lower selectivity and faradaic efficiency for C products than for C products.

Restenosis Inhibition and Re-differentiation of TGFβ/Smad3-activated Smooth Muscle Cells by Resveratrol.

To date, there is no periadventitial drug delivery method available in the clinic to prevent restenotic failure of open vascular reconstructions. Resveratrol is a promising anti-restenotic natural drug but subject to low bioavailability when systemically administered. In order to reconcile these two prominent issues, we tested effects of periadventitial delivery of resveratrol on all three major pro-restenotic pathologies including intimal hyperplasia (IH), endothelium impairment, and vessel shrinkage.

Halofuginone stimulates adaptive remodeling and preserves re-endothelialization in balloon-injured rat carotid arteries.

Background: Three major processes, constrictive vessel remodeling, intimal hyperplasia (IH), and retarded re-endothelialization, contribute to restenosis after vascular reconstructions. Clinically used drugs inhibit IH but delay re-endothelialization and also cause constrictive remodeling. Here we have examined halofuginone, an herbal derivative, for its beneficial effects on vessel remodeling and differential inhibition of IH versus re-endothelialization.

Perfusing chemotherapy by percutaneous lung puncture "holing" for pulmonary tuberculoma-a ten-year single center experience.

Background: Pulmonary tuberculoma is a special form of secondary pulmonary tuberculosis, with a poor response to drug treatment. We used the method of drug administration via percutaneous lung puncture "holing" to treat pulmonary tuberculoma and observe its short- and long-term efficacy, summing up our 10-year clinical experience.

Methods: A total of 54 patients with pulmonary tuberculoma were included in this study.

Preferential secretion of collagen type 3 versus type 1 from adventitial fibroblasts stimulated by TGF-β/Smad3-treated medial smooth muscle cells.

Restenosis, or arterial lumen re-narrowing, occurs in 30-50% of the patients undergoing angioplasty. Adaptive remodeling is the compensatory enlargement of the vessel size, and has been reported to prevent the deleterious effects of restenosis. Our previous studies have shown that elevated transforming growth factor (TGF-β) and its signaling protein Smad3 in the media layer induce adaptive remodeling of angioplastied rat carotid artery accompanying an increase of total collagen in the adventitia.

Protein kinase C-delta mediates adventitial cell migration through regulation of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression in a rat angioplasty model.

Objective: The adventitia is increasingly recognized as an important player during the development of intimal hyperplasia. However, the mechanism of adventitial cell recruitment to the subintimal space remains largely undefined. We have shown previously that gene transfer of protein kinase C-delta (PKCδ) increases apoptosis of smooth muscle cells following balloon injury.

A "cluster" based search scheme in peer-to-peer network.

This paper presents a "cluster" based search scheme in peer-to-peer network. The idea is based on the fact that data distribution in an information society has structured feature. We designed an algorithm to cluster peers that have similar interests.