Characteristics of the gut microbiota and the effect of in very early-onset inflammatory bowel disease patients with IL10RA mutations.

Very early-onset inflammatory bowel disease (VEO-IBD) is a distinct subtype of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) characterized by onset before the age of 6 years, and patients often exhibit more severe clinical features. Interleukin 10 receptor alpha (IL10RA) is a hotspot mutation in the Chinese population and is associated with a poor prognosis closely linked to the onset of IBD. However, limited knowledge exists regarding how the IL10RA mutation influences the host microbiota and its role in disease development.

Notch signaling and Bsh homeodomain activity are integrated to diversify lamina neuron types.

Notch signaling is an evolutionarily conserved pathway for specifying binary neuronal fates, yet how it specifies different fates in different contexts remains elusive. In our accompanying paper, using the lamina neuron types (L1-L5) as a model, we show that the primary homeodomain transcription factor (HDTF) Bsh activates secondary HDTFs Ap (L4) and Pdm3 (L5) and specifies L4/L5 neuronal fates. Here we test the hypothesis that Notch signaling enables Bsh to differentially specify L4 and L5 fates.

Homeodomain proteins hierarchically specify neuronal diversity and synaptic connectivity.

How our brain generates diverse neuron types that assemble into precise neural circuits remains unclear. Using lamina neuron types (L1-L5), we show that the primary homeodomain transcription factor (HDTF) brain-specific homeobox (Bsh) is initiated in progenitors and maintained in L4/L5 neurons to adulthood. Bsh activates secondary HDTFs Ap (L4) and Pdm3 (L5) and specifies L4/L5 neuronal fates while repressing the HDTF Zfh1 to prevent ectopic L1/L3 fates (control: L1-L5; Bsh-knockdown: L1-L3), thereby generating lamina neuronal diversity for normal visual sensitivity.

Assessing the Understanding of Helicobacter pylori Infection Among Chinese Pediatricians.

Background: Helicobacter pylori (Hp) is a global public health concern, particularly among children. While the "detection and treatment" approach gains ground in adult patients, paediatricians have divergent opinions regarding the current clinical protocols for diagnosing and treating Hp infection. Some argue for its potential impact on children's growth, emphasizing the need for adequate attention.

A narrative review on the role of genetics in children with acute recurrent pancreatitis and chronic pancreatitis.

The incidence of pancreatitis in children has increased over the past two decades. With advances in molecular biological techniques and clinical research, genetic variations have emerged as a pivotal etiological factor in pediatric pancreatitis. This review aims to summarize recent clinical research advancements in understanding pediatric pancreatitis caused by various gene mutations.

Probiotic lactic acid bacteria alleviate pediatric IBD and remodel gut microbiota by modulating macrophage polarization and suppressing epithelial apoptosis.

Introduction: The incidence of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (PIBD) continues to rise. It was reported that the probiotic lactic acid bacteria () can interfere with intestinal immunity, but it is still unknown whether it can alleviate PIBD and the concrete mechanism of immune regulation is unclear.

Methods: For this study, 3-week-old juvenile mice were selected for modeling the development of PIBD.

Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Potentiates Neutrophil Infiltration and Tissue Injury in Colitis.

The mechanism underlying inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains unclear. We aimed to identify early diagnostic biomarkers and understand their roles in the pathogenesis of IBD. We identified plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) as a potential key gene that is upregulated in IBD based on published transcriptomic datasets.

Identification of FCN1 as a novel macrophage infiltration-associated biomarker for diagnosis of pediatric inflammatory bowel diseases.

Background: The incidence of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (PIBD) has been steadily increasing globally. Delayed diagnosis of PIBD increases the risk of complications and contributes to growth retardation. To improve long-term outcomes, there is a pressing need to identify novel markers for early diagnosis of PIBD.

Multi-omics reveals the mechanisms of DEHP driven pulmonary toxicity in ovalbumin-sensitized mice.

The plasticizer di- (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is considered a risk factor for allergic diseases and has attracted public attention for its adverse effects on health. However, respiratory adverse effects after DEHP exposure in food allergies have rarely been reported. MiRNAs are considered to be key regulators in the complex interrelationships between the host and microbiome and may be a potential factor involved in DEHP-induced pulmonary toxicity.

[Association between drug trough concentration and disease outcome before infliximab maintenance treatment in children with Crohn's disease].

Objectives: To study the association between infliximab trough level (IFX-TL) prior to maintenance treatment and disease outcome in children with Crohn's disease (CD).

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 35 children with CD who received induction therapy with infliximab (IFX) and the measurement of IFX-TL before maintenance treatment from August 2018 to November 2021. Clinical data and laboratory markers at baseline and before maintenance treatment were collected, and the association between outcome and IFX-TL was analyzed.

Corrigendum: Efficacy and Safety of Shenqu Xiaoshi Oral Liquid Compared With Domperidone Syrup in Children With Functional Dyspepsia.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.

Magnetically Guided Capsule Endoscopy and Magnetic Resonance Enterography in Children With Crohn's Disease: Manifestations and the Value of Assessing Disease Activity.

To investigate the value of magnetically guided capsule endoscopy (MGCE) and magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) in assessing the activity of pediatric Crohn's disease. Clinical data from 82 subjects with pediatric Crohn's disease, who underwent MGCE and MRE from October 2018 to March 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. Pairwise comparisons of several indexes, including MaRIA, CECDAI, PCDAI, and SES-CD, were performed by Spearman's rank correlation test and kappa consistency analysis.

Multi-omics reveals that Bifidobacterium breve M-16V may alleviate the immune dysregulation caused by nanopolystyrene.

There is a growing attention regarding the toxic effect of microplastics pollutants. However, comprehensive phenotyping- and omics-based strategies for the toxicity evaluation of microplastics on the host remain to be established. To this end, we designed an encompassing phenotyping and multi-omics analysis method to detect the molecular interference of nanopolystyrene (PS)-exposed mice.

Characteristics of Fecal Microbiota and Machine Learning Strategy for Fecal Invasive Biomarkers in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Background: Early diagnosis and treatment of pediatric Inflammatory bowel disease (PIBD) is challenging due to the complexity of the disease and lack of disease specific biomarkers. The novel machine learning (ML) technique may be a useful tool to provide a new route for the identification of early biomarkers for the diagnosis of PIBD.

Methods: In total, 66 treatment naive PIBD patients and 27 healthy controls were enrolled as an exploration cohort.

Autosomal recessive 333 base pair interleukin 10 receptor alpha subunit deletion in very early-onset inflammatory bowel disease.

Background: Interleukin 10 receptor alpha subunit (IL10RA) dysfunction is the main cause of very early-onset inflammatory bowel disease (VEO-IBD) in East Asians.

Aim: To identify disease-causing gene mutations in four patients with VEO-IBD and verify functional changes related to the disease-causing mutations.

Methods: From May 2016 to September 2020, four young patients with clinically diagnosed VEO-IBD were recruited.

ERp29 forms a feedback regulation loop with microRNA-135a-5p and promotes progression of colorectal cancer.

Expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-associated genes is often dysregulated in cancer progression. ER protein 29 (ERp29) is abnormally expressed in many neoplasms and plays an important role in tumorigenesis. Here, we showed ERp29 is a novel target for microRNA-135a-5p (miR-135a-5p) to inhibit the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC); correspondingly, ERp29 acts as an oncoprotein in CRC by promoting proliferation and metastasis of CRC cells, and suppressing apoptosis of the cells.

Crohn's disease with pulmonary granuloma in a child: a case report and review of the literature.

Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic granulomatous disease that affects the gastrointestinal system. Additionally, CD has multiple extraintestinal manifestations, and bronchopulmonary manifestations are extremely rare. Pulmonary lesions can occur before the diagnosis of CD; thus, pulmonary manifestations are often overlooked, which leads to misdiagnoses.

Fezf functions as a transcriptional repressor to direct layer-specific synaptic connectivity in the fly visual system.

The layered compartmentalization of synaptic connections, a common feature of nervous systems, underlies proper connectivity between neurons and enables parallel processing of neural information. However, the stepwise development of layered neuronal connections is not well understood. The medulla neuropil of the visual system, which comprises 10 discrete layers (M1 to M10), where neural computations underlying distinct visual features are processed, serves as a model system for understanding layered synaptic connectivity.

Valuable clinical indicators for identifying infantile-onset inflammatory bowel disease patients with monogenic diseases.

Background: Infantile-onset inflammatory bowel disease (IO-IBD) occurs in very young children and causes severe clinical manifestations, which has poor responses to traditional inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) treatments. At present, there are no simple and reliable laboratory indicators for early screening IO-IBD patients, especially those in whom the disease is caused by monogenic diseases.

Aim: To search for valuable indicators for early identifying IO-IBD patients, especially those in whom the disease is caused by monogenic diseases.

Effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals in host health: Three-way interactions between environmental exposure, host phenotypic responses, and gut microbiota.

Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have gradually become a global health hazard in recent decades. Gut microbiota (GM) provides a crucial interface between the environment and the human body. A triad relationship may exist between EDCs exposure, host phenotypic background, and GM effects.

Serum exosomes derived from Hp-positive gastritis patients inhibit MCP-1 and MIP-1α expression via NLRP12-Notch signaling pathway in intestinal epithelial cells and improve DSS-induced colitis in mice.

Epidemiological and basic research has suggested that Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori, Hp) infection has a protective function in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); however, the mechanisms are not very clear. Here, we investigated the role of exosomes derived from Hp-infected patients in IBD.

Lipopolysaccharide-induced DC-SIGN/TLR4 crosstalk activates NLRP3 inflammasomes via MyD88-independent signaling in gastric epithelial cells.

Abnormal pattern recognition receptor (PRR) signaling plays an important role in gastric mucosal damage caused by stomach microbiota; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain obscure. Here, we show that DC-SIGN, a surface phenotype marker of dendritic cells, is overexpressed in gastric epithelial cells facing LPS stimulation. NLRP3 expression in gastric epithelial cells are significantly increased and related to the degree of LPS stimulation.

Probiotics as a functional food ingredient in allergic diseases: regulation of CD4+ T helper cell differentiation.

Allergic diseases are increasing worldwide, associating with increased health costs and decreased quality of life. Allergy is immune-related diseases caused by an allergic immune response to innocuous substance in the environment. At present, research has focussed on the study of the relevance to the microbiome and the phenotypes of allergy, including the relationships among the gastrointestinal microbiome, immune function, and allergic sensitisation.