Inhibition mechanism of buckwheat hulls polyphenols on α-amylase and α-glucosidase using kinetics, spectroscopics and molecular docking approaches.

The work investigated the activity inhibition of phenolic compounds in buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) hulls (BH) on α-amylase and α-glucosidase, and clarified their possible mechanisms based on kinetics, spectroscopics and molecular docking analysis. The total polyphenols (BHP) from BH using an ultrasound-assisted alcohol extraction method was 210.50 mg GAE/g DW.

Room-Temperature, Solution-Processed, Robust, Transparent, and Conductive SiO/AgNW Nanocomposite Coating.

AgNW networks show high promise as a conductive material due to excellent flexibility, low resistance, high transparency, and ease of large-scale preparation. However, the application of AgNW networks has been hindered by their inherent characteristics, such as easy oxidation degradation, chemical corrosion, and structural instability at high temperatures. In this study, a dense SiO protective layer derived from perhydropolysilazane was introduced to fabricate a robust SiO/AgNW nanocomposite coating through an all-solution process at room temperature.

A Photoenzymatic Pathway for Gram-Scale Synthesis of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D.

Vitamin D and its analogues play a crucial role in promoting the well-being of both humans and animals. However, the current synthesis of this vital class of nutrients heavily relies on chemical transformations, which suffer from low step- and atom-efficiency due to lengthy synthetic pathways. To enhance sustainability in the chemical industry, it is necessary to develop alternative synthetic processes.

Adherence to preventive treatment for latent tuberculosis infection in close contacts of pulmonary tuberculosis patients: A cluster-randomized controlled trial in China.

Objectives: This study examined adherence rates to tuberculosis preventive treatment (TPT) among close contacts of individuals with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and identified factors associated with TPT adherence in China.

Methods: A multicenter, cluster-randomized, open-label control trial was carried out across three sites involving 34 counties in China. Close contacts of bacteriologically confirmed rifampin and isoniazid-susceptible PTB cases were identified and screened for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI).

Tuberculosis infection among close contacts of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in China: a population-based, multicentered study.

Objectives: Limited information is currently available on the prevalence of and risk factors for tuberculosis infection (TBI) among close contacts of patients with pulmonary TB (PTB) in China. In this study, we estimated the burden of TBI among close contacts using QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube assay (QFT) and identified factors associated with TB transmission among this high-risk population.

Methods: From January 1, 2018 to August 31, 2020, we identified laboratory-confirmed patients with PTB from a population-based, multicentered, cluster-randomized control trial for tuberculosis preventive treatment.

Association between phthalate metabolite mixture in neonatal cord serum and birth outcomes.

Prenatal exposure to phthalates (PAEs) is ubiquitous among Chinese neonates. PAEs entering the body will be transformed to various hydrolyzed and oxidated PAE metabolites (mPAEs). PAEs and mPAEs exposure may lead to adverse birth outcomes through disruption of multiple hormone signaling pathways, induction of oxidative stress, and alterations in intracellular signaling processes.

Clinical and Genomic Characteristics of a Clinical Listeria Monocytogenes ST120 Isolate Recovered from a Pregnant Woman.

Background: Maternal-fetal listeriosis, caused by , is a rare but serious infection. Herein, we report the clinical and genomic characteristics of a clinical ST120 isolate recovered from a pregnant woman.

Methods: The clinical symptoms and treatment in pregnant woman were described in detail.

Screening of the shared pathogenic genes of ulcerative colitis and colorectal cancer by integrated bioinformatics analysis.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is one of the high-risk pathogenic factors for colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the shared gene and signalling mechanisms between UC and CRC remain unclear. The goal of this study was to delve more into the probable causal relationship between UC and CRC.

Financial Burden of Tuberculosis Patients - China, 2020.

What Is Already Known About This Topic?: Tuberculosis (TB) is often referred to as "a disease of poverty," yet the information regarding the financial burden of TB care is limited and regionally representative.

What Is Added By This Report?: This manuscript reported the national representative total and breakdown costs associated with TB care in China. The total cost per patient was 1,185 USD, of which 88% was direct cost and 37% was incurred prior to TB treatment.

Digital adherence technologies to improve tuberculosis treatment outcomes in China: a cluster-randomised superiority trial.

Background: Drug-sensitive tuberculosis treatment requires 6 months of therapy, so adherence problems are common. Digital adherence technologies might improve tuberculosis treatment outcomes. We aimed to evaluate the effect of a daily reminder medication monitor, monthly review of adherence data by the health-care provider, and differentiated care for patients with adherence issues, on tuberculosis treatment adherence and outcomes.

Inorganic-Organic Silica/PDMS Nanocomposite Antiadhesive Coating with Ultrahigh Hardness and Thermal Stability.

Antiadhesive surfaces have been gaining continuous attention, because of the scientific and industrial significance. Slippery surfaces and antismudge coatings with antiadhesive behavior have been readily designed and prepared. However, improving robustness of the surfaces, especially the simultaneous demonstration of features of high hardness, excellent adhesion to different substrates, and high thermal stability, is constantly challenging.

Effect of the hospital-community-family (HCF) nutritional management on patients with esophageal and head and neck cancers undergoing radiotherapy: a randomized control trial.

Background: Malnutrition is particularly common in patients undergoing radiotherapy for head and neck cancers (HNC) and esophageal cancers (EC). Proper nutritional management plays an important role in improving the nutritional status and reducing complications in patients undergoing radiotherapy for malignancy. With most nutrition studies limited to the nutritional management of patients during hospitalization or after discharge, there is a lack of research evidence on the nutritional management of patients in combination with out-of-hospital.

Polysaccharides from alleviate hypercholesterolemia modulating the gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism.

Polysaccharides from (EP) possess multiple biological activities, while the role of EP in hypercholesterolemia and its relationship with the gut microbiota have not been elucidated. To address this issue, fifty male C57BL/6J mice were randomly subjected to a basal diet and a high-fat and high-cholesterol diet, and 3 treatment groups were fed an HFHC diet supplemented with different dosages of EP (100, 200 and 300 mg kg day) for 12 weeks. Here we show that EP intervention lowered serum concentrations of total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and inhibited hepatic cholesterol deposition.

Self-Psychological Control and Creativity of Music Creation in Multimusic Environment.

This study aimed to solve the difficulties in the research of self-psychology, three executive controls, and creativity in multimusic environment. In today's teaching and performance, the study of piano adaptation has practical significance in broadening artistic vision, improving performance technology, and training symphonic music thinking. A research method of self-psychological three executive controls and creativity generation for creation in multimusic environment is proposed.

Acceptability of Tuberculosis Preventive Treatment Strategies Among Healthcare Workers Using an Online Survey - China, 2021.

What Is Already Known About This Topic?: In the absence of effective vaccines, tuberculosis preventive treatment (TPT) is essential for the rapid decrease in incidences of tuberculosis (TB), and healthcare workers' acceptability is vital to implementing TPT.

What Is Added By This Report?: Overall, 86.5% of healthcare workers knew what TPT was.

The Atomic Oxygen Erosion Resistance Effect and Mechanism of the Perhydropolysilazane-Derived SiOx Coating Used on Polymeric Materials in Space Environment.

In this work, the atomic oxygen (AO) erosion-resistance effect and mechanism of the Perhydropolysilazane (PHPS) coating were investigated from the perspective of element distribution in the depth direction. The results revealed that the coating demonstrated good adhesion and intrinsic AO erosion-resistance, which was attributed to the composition gradient formed in the coating. Moreover, the oxygen ratio of the SiOx on top layer of the coating could be elevated during AO exposure, strengthening the Ar ion etching durability of the coating.

Resistance Switching Behavior of a Perhydropolysilazane-Derived SiO-Based Memristor.

SiO is an important dielectric material layer for resistive switching memory due to its compatibility with complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology. Here we propose a solution process for a SiO dielectric layer based on perhydropolysilazane (PHPS). A series of SiO layers with different compositions are prepared by controlling the conversion process from PHPS, then the resistance switching behaviors of typical Ag/SiO/Au memristors are analyzed.

Predicted Impact of the COVID-19 Responses on Deaths of Tuberculosis - China, 2020.

What Is Already Known About This Topic?: The World Health Organization has estimated the impact of reductions in the performance of global tuberculosis (TB) detection and care on TB deaths. However, the actual impact of COVID-19 pandemic on TB deaths in China remains unclear.

What Is Added By This Report?: The stringent public interventions to fight COVID-19 including lockdown led to more than 20% decrease of TB detection in China.

Guiding Tuberculosis Control Through the Healthy China Initiative 2019-2030.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a global public health problem, especially in China. China has the third largest TB burden in the world with nearly 0.9 million new TB cases emerging annually.

-Phenylenediamine Antioxidants in PM: The Underestimated Urban Air Pollutants.

The wide use and continuous abrasion of rubber-related products appears to be leading to an incredible release of phenylenediamine (PPD) antioxidants in the environment. However, no related research has been conducted on the pollution characteristics and potential health risks of PM-bound PPDs. We report for the first time the ubiquitous distributions of six emerging PPDs and a quinone derivative, -(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-'-phenyl--phenylenediamine quinone (6PPDQ), in PM from urban areas of China.

Flexible Hard Coatings with Self-Evolution Behavior in a Low Earth Orbit Environment.

Lightweight, long lifetime, and flexible polymer membrane-based structures, which are tightly folded on the ground and then unfolded in space, suffer from repeated bending before launching and fatal erosion on exposure to atomic oxygen (AO) in a low Earth orbit (LEO). Although various AO-resistant coatings have been developed, a coating that can simultaneously meet the critical requirements for the mechanical robustness and long-term protection of polymer membranes is rare. Here, we fabricated a coating with mechanical robustness and long-term space endurance, starting from an inorganic polymer precursor.

The decay of airborne bacteria and fungi in a constant temperature and humidity test chamber.

Despite substantial research to profile the microbial characteristics in the atmosphere, the changing metabolism underpinning microbial successional dynamics remains ambiguous. Herein, we applied qPCR, high-throughput sequencing of the genes encoding 16S and ITS rRNA to render the bacterial/fungal dynamics of ambient PM filters maintained at constant conditions of temperature (20 ± 2 °C) and humidity (50 ± 5%). The incubation experiments which lasted for 50 days aim to simulate a metabolic process of microbe in two types PM (polluted and non-polluted).

Acquired Resistance Mutations Identified from Liquid Biopsy in an -Rearranged Squamous Cell Lung Cancer Patient Treated with Sequential ALK TKI Therapy: A Case Report.

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase () rearrangement is extremely rare in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), and it remains controversial as to whether LSCC patients with rearrangement can benefit from ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Here, we report an LSCC patient with rearrangement who was treated with sequential ALK TKI therapies and experienced a clinical benefit of 35 months. Although the use of ALK TKIs showed clinical benefits, targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) for dynamic monitoring of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) from patient plasma revealed the accumulation of resistance mutations, which could provide valuable information in designing the treatment strategy.

Male renal functions are associated with serum short- and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins in residents from Jinan, China.

Background: Chlorinated paraffins (CPs) are contaminants ubiquitously detected in environmental samples, and reports addressing CPs in human samples are expanding. While CP exposure was suggested to impair kidney function by in vivo/in vitro experiments, epidemiological evidence is lacking.

Objective: To examine the associations between serum total short-chain CP and medium-chain CP concentrations (∑SCCPs and ∑MCCPs) with human kidney function.