Efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitor rechallenge in initial immunotherapy responders with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: A single-center retrospective study.

Background: The efficacy of immune rechallenge in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who responded well to initial immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment is becoming a research hotspot. This study was aimed at describing the survival and clinical characteristics after immune rechallenge in initial immunotherapy responders.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively identified 104 patients with advanced NSCLC who responded well in the first ICI and were rechallenged with immunotherapy to treat progression between January 2018 and June 2023 at Zhejiang Cancer Hospital.

Carboxymethylated yeast β-glucan: Biological activity screening in zebrafish, sprayable hydrogel preparation, and wound healing study in diabetic mice.

Yeast β-glucan exhibits dramatic potential as wound healing regent owing to its various biological properties including immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant. But, the poor water solubility of yeast β-glucan limits its application. In this study, some carboxymethylated yeast β-glucans (CMGs) with different substitution degree was prepared.

Causal-inferring and molecular-docking yield new targets for malignant melanoma therapy.

To obtain the causal related genes through Mendelian randomization and to screen the therapeutic drugs for malignant melanoma. Using Mendelian randomization, the causal relationship between genes and melanoma patients was calculated based on clumped genetic instruments extracted from genome-wide association studies. Prognostic significance of potential target genes was evaluated using survival information of patients with skin cutaneous melanoma in The Cancer Genome Atlas.

Metabolic marker-assisted genomic prediction improves hybrid breeding.

Hybrid breeding is widely acknowledged as the most effective method for increasing crop yield, particularly in maize and rice. However, a major challenge in hybrid breeding is selecting desirable combinations from a vast pool of potential crosses. Genomic selection (GS) has emerged as a powerful tool to tackle this challenge, but its success in practical breeding depends on prediction accuracy.

Identification and quantitation of carbon-carbon double bond isomers of fatty acid in livestock and poultry meat.

Livestock and poultry meat is one of the main consumption sources of fatty acids (FAs) in China. FAs are the main component of lipids and essential nutrients for the human body. The location of carbon-carbon double bond (CC) in unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) significantly affects the nutrition and flavor quality of meat products.

Thoracoscopic anatomical lesion resection by fluorescence imaging on congenital lung malformation.

Technique: Thoracoscopic anatomical lesion resection (TALR) is characteristic of removal of the lesion and preservation of all normal lung in treating congenital lung malformation(CLM). However, to conduct TALR is technically demanding for a beginner. To make the procedure easier to understand, the details for TALR are demonstrated in this report.

Towards a circular biorefinery system for efficient biobased furfural and levulinic acid production based on techno-economic analysis.

Furfural (FUR) and levulinic acid (LA) are promising biobased platform chemicals that can be converted into value-added chemicals. An integrated biorefinery process is applied to FUR and LA production from corncob for efficient feedstock and energy utilization. Here, a techno-economic analysis of the integrated process of FUR and LA production was performed.

The crystal and cryo-EM structures of PLCγ2 reveal dynamic interdomain recognitions in autoinhibition.

Phospholipase C gamma 2 (PLCγ2) plays important roles in cell signaling downstream of various membrane receptors. PLCγ2 contains a multidomain inhibitory region critical for its regulation, while it has remained unclear how these domains contribute to PLCγ2 activity modulation. Here we determined three structures of human PLCγ2 in autoinhibited states, which reveal dynamic interactions at the autoinhibition interface, involving the conformational flexibility of the Src homology 3 (SH3) domain in the inhibitory region, and its previously unknown interaction with a carboxyl-terminal helical domain in the core region.

Tumor Site-Specific In Vivo Theranostics Enabled by Microenvironment-Dependent Chemical Transformation and Self-Amplifying Effect.

Precise tumor diagnosis and treatment remain complex challenges. While numerous fluorescent probes have been developed for tumor-specific imaging and therapy, few exhibit effective function in vivo. Herein, a probe called TQ-H is designed that can realize robust theranostic effects both in vitro and in vivo.

Research on X-ray nondestructive defect detection method of tire based on dynamic Snake Convolution YOLO model.

Tire X-ray nondestructive testing before leaving the factory is crucial for driving safety. Given the complexity of tire structures and the diversity of defect types, traditional manual visual inspections and machine learning methods face significant challenges in terms of accuracy and efficiency. This study proposes an innovative tire X-ray image nondestructive testing technique based on the YOLOv5 model, incorporating several advanced technologies to enhance detection performance.

Phase separation of chimeric antigen receptor promotes immunological synapse maturation and persistent cytotoxicity.

Major challenges of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy include poor antigen sensitivity and cell persistence. Here, we report a solution to these issues by exploiting CAR phase separation. We found that incorporation of an engineered T cell receptor CD3ε motif, E, into the conventional 28Z or BBZ CAR induced self-phase separation through cation-π interactions.

State-specific GluCEST alterations in insular subregions are associated with depression and plasma inflammatory biomarker levels in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

Background: Depression commonly co-occurs with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Abnormal glutamate levels in the insula and altered plasma inflammatory biomarkers are observed in IBD and depression. However, the changes in glutamate concentrations in insular subregions in IBD and their relationship with depression and inflammatory markers remain unclear.

Overall mutational scanning unveils the essential active residues for the mechanistic action of MCR-1.

Polymyxins, including colistin and polymyxin B, serve as crucial last-resort antibiotics for managing infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE). However, the rapid spread of the mobilized colistin resistance gene (mcr-1) challenged the efficacy of treatment by polymyxins. The mcr-1 gene encoded a transmembrane phosphoethanolamine (PEA) transferase enzyme, MCR-1.

Effects of high dietary carbohydrate intake in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.

Background: This study aimed to characterize the relationship between habitual food intake and OSA.

Methods: The diet of 200 volunteers was evaluated using a Food Frequency Questionnaire. The patients were further allocated to mild, moderate, and severe OSA groups.

[Application of surface landmark positioning in assisting cone-beam CT scanning of temporomandibular joint].

To quantitatively measure the spatial relationship between the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and surface landmarks such as the tragus and lateral canthus using cone-beam CT (CBCT), as to provide guidance for accurate positioning of CBCT scanning of the TMJ. DICOM format data from 112 patients (35 males and 77 females with 224 TMJs) were included in this study. The patients were between 12 and 66 years old, with a mean age of (25.

An orally available Mpro/TMPRSS2 bispecific inhibitor with potent anti-coronavirus efficacy in vivo.

Coronaviruses have caused three major endemics in the past two decades. Alarmingly, recent identification of novel zoonotic coronaviruses that caused human infections suggests the risk of future coronavirus outbreak caused by spillover infection from animal reservoirs remains high. Therefore, development of novel therapeutic options with broad-spectrum anti-coronavirus activities are urgently needed.

Generating Biomedical Knowledge Graphs from Knowledge Bases, Registries, and Multiomic Data.

As large clinical and multiomics datasets and knowledge resources accumulate, they need to be transformed into computable and actionable information to support automated reasoning. These datasets range from laboratory experiment results to electronic health records (EHRs). Barriers to accessibility and sharing of such datasets include diversity of content, size and privacy.

Sand gradation detection method based on local sampling.

Sand gradation is an important reference factor for concrete proportion design, which has a significant impact on the strength and workability of concrete. The efficiency of using the traditional vibrating sieving method to measure the gradation is low, and the machine vision-based sand gradation inspection method can realize the automation of sand gradation inspection, which can significantly improve the inspection efficiency and reduce the inspection cost. The particle size of construction sand is usually between 0.

Synthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide in Neutral Media by an Iron-Doped Nickel Phosphide Catalyst.

The two-electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e ORR) for electrochemical hydrogen peroxide (HO) synthesis has drawn much attention due to its eco-friendly, cost-effective, and highly efficient properties. Developing catalysts with excellent HO production rates and selectivity is still a big challenge. In this work, an iron-doped nickel phosphide (Fe-Ni-P) catalyst was synthesized by a solvent thermal method.

Dissecting the Roles of Electrostatic Interactions in Modulating the Folding Stability and Cooperativity of Engrailed Homeodomain.

Engrailed homeodomain (EngHD), a highly charged transcription factor regulating over 200 genes, is a fast-folding protein. Recent studies have shown that the abundant charged residues in EngHD not only facilitate protein-DNA interactions but also influence the conformational disorder of its native structure. However, the mechanisms by which electrostatic interactions modulate the folding of EngHD remain unclear.