HOPS-Dependent Endosomal Escape Demands Protein Unfolding.

The inefficient translocation of proteins across biological membranes limits their application as potential therapeutics and research tools. In many cases, the translocation of a protein involves two discrete steps: uptake into the endocytic pathway and endosomal escape. Certain charged or amphiphilic molecules can achieve high protein uptake, but few are capable of efficient endosomal escape.

Enhancing Pellet Formation for Improved Secondary Metabolite Production.

Filamentous fungi are well-known for their ability to form mycelial pellets during submerged cultures, a characteristic that has been extensively studied and applied. However, , a filamentous saprophytic fungus with a rich history of medicinal and culinary applications, has not been widely documented for pellet formation. This study aimed to investigate the factors influencing pellet formation in and their impact on citrinin production, a key secondary metabolite.

Design rules for efficient endosomal escape.

The inefficient translocation of proteins across biological membranes limits their application as therapeutic compounds and research tools. In most cases, translocation involves two steps: uptake into the endocytic pathway and endosomal escape. Certain charged or amphiphilic molecules promote protein uptake but few enable efficient endosomal escape.

Treatment decision based on unilateral index from nonadrenocorticotropic hormone-stimulated and adrenocorticotropic hormone-stimulated adrenal vein sampling in primary aldosteronism.

Objective: Adrenal venous sampling (AVS) is recommended for identifying the subtype of primary aldosteronism before making a surgical treatment decision, but failed cannulation of one adrenal vein is common. To evaluate whether using results of one adrenal vein during AVS could accurately predict unilateral primary aldosteronism.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in primary aldosteronism patients receiving bilaterally or unilaterally successful AVS.

Corticotropin Stimulation in Adrenal Venous Sampling for Patients With Primary Aldosteronism: The ADOPA Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Adrenal venous sampling (AVS) is usually recommended to distinguish between unilateral and bilateral primary aldosteronism (PA) before definitive surgical or medical treatment is offered. Whether a treatment decision based on AVS with or without corticotropin (ACTH) stimulation leads to different biochemical and clinical remission rates in patients with PA remains unclear.

Objective: To evaluate whether treatment decisions based on AVS with or without ACTH stimulation lead to different biochemical and clinical remission rates in patients with PA.

The regulatory functions of oxylipins in fungi: A review.

Quorum sensing (QS) is a communication mechanism between microorganisms originally found in bacteria. In recent years, an important QS mechanism has been discovered in the field of fungi, namely, the lipoxygenase compound oxylipin of arachidonic acid acts as a QS molecule in life cycle control, particularly in the sexual and asexual development of fungi. However, the role of oxylipins in mediating eukaryotic communication has not been previously described.

Dose-Dependent Nuclear Delivery and Transcriptional Repression with a Cell-Penetrant MeCP2.

The vast majority of biologic-based therapeutics operate within serum, on the cell surface, or within endocytic vesicles, in large part because proteins and nucleic acids fail to efficiently cross cell or endosomal membranes. The impact of biologic-based therapeutics would expand exponentially if proteins and nucleic acids could reliably evade endosomal degradation, escape endosomal vesicles, and remain functional. Using the cell-permeant mini-protein ZF5.

Genetic Code Expansion in the Engineered Organism Vmax X2: High Yield and Exceptional Fidelity.

We report that the recently introduced commercial strain of (Vmax X2) supports robust unnatural amino acid mutagenesis, generating exceptional yields of soluble protein containing up to 5 noncanonical α-amino acids (ncAA). The isolated yields of ncAA-containing superfolder green fluorescent protein (sfGFP) expressed in Vmax X2 are up to 25-fold higher than those achieved using commercial expression strains (Top10 and BL21) and more than 10-fold higher than those achieved using two different genomically recodedstrains that lack endogenous UAG stop codons and release factor 1 and have been optimized for improved fitness and preferred growth temperature (C321.ΔA.

Role of HO in CO Electrochemical Reduction As Studied in a Water-in-Salt System.

CO electrochemical reduction is of great interest not only for its technological implications but also for the scientific challenges it represents. How to suppress the kinetically favored hydrogen evolution in the presence of HO, for instance, has attracted significant attention. Here we report a new way of achieving such a goal.

Stable iridium dinuclear heterogeneous catalysts supported on metal-oxide substrate for solar water oxidation.

Atomically dispersed catalysts refer to substrate-supported heterogeneous catalysts featuring one or a few active metal atoms that are separated from one another. They represent an important class of materials ranging from single-atom catalysts (SACs) and nanoparticles (NPs). While SACs and NPs have been extensively reported, catalysts featuring a few atoms with well-defined structures are poorly studied.

Enabling rechargeable non-aqueous Mg-O battery operations with dual redox mediators.

Dual redox mediators (RMs) were introduced for Mg-O batteries. 1,4-Benzoquinone (BQ) facilitates the discharge with an overpotential reduction of 0.3 V.