The variation in urinary calcium levels in adult patients with fracture and surgical intervention.

Background: Generally, a higher calcium diet is fed to fracture patients after surgery. However, recent studies have indicated that higher dietary calcium intakes increase the risk of urinary stones for fracture patients. Therefore, this study aimed to observe the variation in urinary calcium levels among fracture patients who underwent surgery, based on fracture type, fracture location, age and gender.

Characterizing ceftriaxone-induced urolithiasis and its associated acute kidney injury: an animal study and Chinese clinical systematic review.

Objective: To investigate the pathophysiological process of ceftriaxone-induced urolithiasis and its associated acute kidney injury (AKI) based on an animal study and summarize the main clinical characteristics based on a Chinese clinical systematic review.

Materials And Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups of six each according to different treatments including control; ceftriaxone; ceftriaxone with calcium; calcium; and ceftriaxone, calcium with citrate, respectively. The 24-h urine volume, serum creatinine (Scr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were measured; kidney histological examination and stone analysis were performed.

The true stone composition and abnormality of urinary metabolic lithogenic factors of rats fed diets containing melamine.

To better understand the toxicity of melamine to humans, the stone composition and urinary metabolic lithogenic factors of rats fed diets containing melamine including the infant's melamine-induced stone composition were studied. Sixty 4-week-old male rats divided into three groups were, respectively, fed diets containing no melamine (control), 0.1% melamine, and 1% melamine for 4 weeks.

Possible function of urinary pH and citrate on the ceftriaxone-induced nephrolithiasis.

Objective: To test whether urinary pH and citrate is associated with ceftriaxone-induced kidney stone formation and if acidified urine could dissolve this kind of stone using an in vitro crystallization model.

Methods: Crystallization was induced by mixing ceftriaxone at the standard therapeutic urinary concentration to artificial urine. The response of different physiological pH and citrate on ceftriaxone-induced crystallization was measured by the depletion ratio of ceftriaxone in the process.

Metal artifacts reduction using monochromatic images from spectral CT: evaluation of pedicle screws in patients with scoliosis.

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of spectral CT in reducing metal artifacts caused by pedicle screws in patients with scoliosis.

Materials And Methods: Institutional review committee approval and written informed consents from patients were obtained. 18 scoliotic patients with a total of 228 pedicle screws who underwent spectral CT imaging were included in this study.

Could infrared spectroscopy identify melamine-related stone using melamine-contained mixture as a reference?

Background: Recently, a method of infrared spectroscopy analysis to identify melamine-contained stone was established by examining melamine powders mixed with true urinary stones. However, several studies demonstrated melamine could be interacted with cyanuric acid or uric acid in water through hydrogen bonds. It presents a hypothesis that the infrared spectrum of melamine-contained stone formed in urine is probably different from melamine-contained dry mixtures.

Residual aneurysm after metal coils treatment detected by spectral CT.

Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is currently the gold standard for diagnosing the residue or recurrence of aneurysm after treatment, especially in the presence of metal coils. However, DSA is an invasive procedure which may cause additional trauma and economic burden to patients. Spectral CT imaging, as a newly introduced CT imaging mode, produces monochromatic image sets that is able to reduce beam-hardening and other metal-related artifacts, and has found its use in several clinical applications including brain imaging to reduce beam-hardening artifacts.

Could temporal window for the computed tomography hepatic venography (CTHV) be extended?: A comparative study between spectral and conventional CT using porcine models.

Objective: To investigate the feasibility of extending the acceptable temporal window for hepatic venography with dual-energy spectral CT imaging.

Methods: Five normal pigs anesthetized intramuscularly were scanned on a multislice CT (GE Discovery HD750 CT) after bolus contrast injection. Twelve CT scans with dual-energy spectral imaging mode were performed on each pig with a 10-second interval.

The effect of plum juice on the prevention of struvite calculus formation in vitro.

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of plum juice on struvite calculus formation in vitro and to explore the effect of plum juice on urease-producing bacteria and urease activity. The compliance of available drugs is low for struvite calculus after surgical treatment and functional food may represent a good choice as an alternative therapy.

Materials And Methods: Antibacterial activity was assessed using a microdilution antimicrobial susceptibility test.

[Establishment of a rat model of low calcium diet related hyperoxaluria].

Objective: To establish a rat model of low calcium diet related hyperoxaluria and explore its features.

Methods: By means of randomized blocks design, totally 24 SD male rats were divided into low calcium diet group, medium calcium diet group, and high calcium diet group. Each group was sequentially fed on different calcium diets for 3 days.

Comparison of renal function and metabolic abnormalities of cystine stone patients and calcium oxalate stone patients in China.

Purpose: To compare renal function and metabolic abnormalities of cystine stone patients and calcium oxalate stone patients in China.

Methods: Between 2008 and 2011, thirty cystine stone patients were involved in our study, and an equal number of age- and gender pair-matched patients with calcium oxalate stones. Non-stone forming individuals were elected as controls.

Comparison of efficacy of German and Chinese electromagnetic shock wave lithotripters: Dornier Compact S vs Huikang MZ-SWL-V.

Objectives: To compare the treatment efficacy of Dornier Compact S and a Chinese electromagnetic shock wave lithotripter (Huikang MZ-SWL-V) in a large series.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the outcome of shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) in 13,954 consecutive patients with upper urinary tract stones from December 1996 to December 2008 with Dornier Compact S (9124 cases) and Huikang MZ-SWL-V (4830 cases). An intramuscular injection of 50 mg pethidine was given to the patients with Dornier Compact S but not to those with Huikang MZ-SWL-V.

Infrared spectroscopic analysis of urinary stones (including stones induced by melamine-contaminated milk powder) in 189 Chinese children.

Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate the composition of the stones in Chinese children with urolithiasis, including peculiar stones induced by melamine-contaminated milk powder.

Materials And Methods: Between 1999 and 2009, 189 urinary stones from children of East China were received at our institution. Among them, 12 stones were received from pediatric stone formers with a history of consuming melamine-contaminated milk powder in 2008; and the remaining stones were defined as "natural" stones.

Infrared spectroscopic analysis of 5,248 urinary stones from Chinese patients presenting with the first stone episode.

A series of 5,248 urinary stones was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy between 1999 and 2008. This study evaluated the percentage of each stone type and the association with sex and age in Chinese stone formers presenting with the first stone episode. The overall sex ratio (male:female) was 2.

Comparison of efficacy and safety of shockwave lithotripsy for upper urinary tract stones of different locations in children: a study of 311 cases.

Purpose: To compare the efficacy and safety of Shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) for upper urinary tract stones of various locations in children.

Methods: Between 1997 and 2008, a total of 311 children (average age: 7.9 ± 4.

[A modified rat model for infection-induced stone formation].

Objective: To employ a newly modified rat model for infection-induced bladder stone formation.

Methods: 24 adult male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups, model group (n=12), sham operation group (n=8) and control group (n=4). The surgical procedures were performed aseptically under anesthesia (25% Ultane 1.

Greater and lesser ischiadic foramina as path of shock wave lithotripsy for distal ureteral stone in children.

Purpose: We evaluated the efficacy and safety of shock wave lithotripsy in the supine position through the greater and lesser ischiadic foramina as a path of shock wave to treat distal ureteral stones in young children.

Materials And Methods: We treated 22 young children with distal urinary calculi using the Dornier Compact S lithotriptor between 1997 and 2007. The study population consisted of 15 boys and 7 girls 6 months to 7 years old (mean +/- SD 5.

Sciaticum majus foramen and sciaticum minus foramen as the path of SWL in the supine position to treat distal ureteral stone.

The purpose of the study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) using sciaticum majus foramen and sciaticum minus foramen as the path to treat distal ureteral stone in supine position. Between December 2006 and November 2008, 243 cases of distal urinary calculi were treated in our department using SWL or ureteroscopy. 189 cases for SWL were treated in supine position.

Efficacy of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy for ureteral stones in children.

Purpose: In this study, we retrospectively analyzed our experience with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) in children with ureteric stones.

Materials And Methods: Between 1997 and 2008, 115 children with ureteral stones were treated by ESWL in our department. There were 67 boys and 48 girls with a mean age of 7.

Efficacy of selective alpha1D-blocker naftopidil as medical expulsive therapy for distal ureteral stones.

Purpose: Naftopidil is a specific alpha1D-adrenergic receptor antagonist. We performed the current randomized, controlled study to determine the expulsive role of naftopidil for distal ureteral stones.

Materials And Methods: From March 2006 to January 2007, 60 patients with distal ureteral stones were randomly divided into groups 1 and 2.

Shock wave lithotripsy for uric acid stones.

Objective: To report our experience of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) for patients with uric acid stones.

Methods: From December 1987 to December 2003, a total of 443 patients with uric acid stones in the kidney or ureter accepted SWL using ultrasound-guided lithotripters together with alkali therapy. Among them, 168 patients with an average stone burden of 9.

Shockwave lithotripsy: instrumentation and status in China.

Purpose: To introduce the physical background and technical characteristics of lithotripters made in China and to compare the efficacy of shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) for distal-ureteral stones between Chinese and Western lithotripters in consecutive use in our stone center.

Patients And Methods: From December 1987 to December 2003, we used a series of four lithotripters to treat 1802 patients with distal-ureteral stones: the piezoelectric EDAP LT-01 with ultrasound B-mode scanning for localization (N = 179); the electrohydraulic JDPN-IV lithotripter using fluoroscopy, which is made in China (N = 294), the electromagnetic Dornier Compact S with fluoroscopy/ultrasound dual localization (N = 1105), and the Huikang MZ-SWL-V, which is an electromagnetic- and electrohydraulic-compatible machine with dual localization that is made in China (N = 224). The physical background and technical characteristics of Chinese lithotripters are different from those of Western machines, but the treatment strategies were identical in all series.

[Living animal models of the medical shock wave].

This article reviews the methods, notes and evaluation of the living animal models of the medical shock wave, including directly shocked animal models, surgical implantation of stones into animal kidney models, implantation of tumor cells into animal models and animal bone models. The living animal models play an important role in studying the medical shock wave.

[Clinical investigation of the treatment of children urethral calculi with pneumatic lithotripsy under ureteroscopy].

Objective: To evaluate the therapeutic effects of pneumatic lithotripsy on children urethral calculi.

Methods: Twenty-two cases of the male children with urethral calculi were treated with pneumatic lithotripsy under ureteroscopy.

Results: All the patients were treated successfully in a single procedure.