Dynamic nitrogen reallocation in rice plants upon insect herbivory by a generalist lepidopteran pest Spodoptera litura (Fabricius).

Nitrogen (N) is a limited nutrient for both plants and herbivores. How plants reallocate N upon herbivore attack is vital for plant tolerance to herbivores. Here we investigated N reallocation in rice during a 2-day herbivore attack by a generalist herbivore Spodoptera litura and 2 days after herbivore removal.

Nitrogen Supply Alters Rice Defense Against the Striped Stem Borer .

Plant nutrition status is closely associated with plant defense against insect herbivores. However, the way nitrogen supply regulates rice anti-herbivore is not clear. This study investigated the effects of low (LN, 0.

Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Promotes Oxidative Burst, Stomatal Closure and Plant Immunity in Bacterial Invasion.

Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) plays a vital role in plant response to abiotic stress. However, the role of PI3K in plant immunity is largely unknown. This study showed that PI3K enhanced resistance to pv DC3000 ( DC3000) and DC3000 ().

A robust anonymous biometric-based authenticated key agreement scheme for multi-server environments.

In order to improve the security in remote authentication systems, numerous biometric-based authentication schemes using smart cards have been proposed. Recently, Moon et al. presented an authentication scheme to remedy the flaws of Lu et al.

Exponential Arithmetic Based Self-Healing Group Key Distribution Scheme with Backward Secrecy under the Resource-Constrained Wireless Networks.

In resource-constrained wireless networks, resources such as storage space and communication bandwidth are limited. To guarantee secure communication in resource-constrained wireless networks, group keys should be distributed to users. The self-healing group key distribution (SGKD) scheme is a promising cryptographic tool, which can be used to distribute and update the group key for the secure group communication over unreliable wireless networks.

Safety and tolerability of bismuthyl ecabet suspension, a novel anti-ulcer agent, following single and multiple oral dose administration in healthy Chinese subjects.

Background: Bismuthyl ecabet is a combination of sulfodehydroabietic acid and bismuth, which forms a new type of salt that is useful in treating peptic ulcers and gastritis.

Objective: This study was designed to assess the safety and tolerability of bismuthyl ecabet suspension in healthy Chinese subjects.

Methods: For the study 77 volunteers were randomized into single- or multiple-dose groups for oral administration of bismuthyl ecabet 200-1600 mg once daily or 1200 mg twice daily for 7 days.