Two Hybrid Histidine Kinases Involved in the Ethylene Regulation of the Mycelial Growth and Postharvest Fruiting Body Maturation and Senescence of Agaricus bisporus.

Ethylene regulates mycelial growth, primordium formation, and postharvest mushroom maturation and senescence in the white button mushroom, Agaricus bisporus. However, it remains unknown how ethylene is detected by the mushroom. In this study, we found that two hybrid histidine kinases in the mushroom, designated ETR1 and ETR2, showed domain structures similar to those of plant ethylene receptors.

Enhancing the 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylate Metabolic Rate of sp. UW4 Intensifies Chemotactic Rhizocompetence.

1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) is a strong metabolism-dependent chemoattractant for the plant beneficial rhizobacterium sp. UW4. It is unknown whether enhancing the metabolic rate of ACC can intensify the chemotaxis activity towards ACC and rhizocompetence.

Heterologous Expression of Gene in Enhances Reactive Oxygen Species Production and 11α-Hydroxylation Rate of 16α, 17-Epoxyprogesterone.

The 11α-hydroxylation of 16α, 17-epoxyprogesterone (EP) catalyzed by is crucial for the steroid industry. However, lower conversion rate of the biohydroxylation restricts its potential industrial application. The 11α-steroid hydroxylase CYP509C12 from were reported to play a crucial role in the 11α-hydroxylation in recombinant fission yeast.

Promotion of the growth and plant biomass degrading enzymes production in solid-state cultures of Lentinula edodes expressing Vitreoscilla hemoglobin gene.

Vitreoscilla hemoglobin (VHb), encoded by the Vitreoscilla hemoglobin gene (vgb), is highly effective at binding oxygen and delivering it to both prokaryotes and eukaryotes under hypoxic conditions. In this study, we introduced the vgb gene into shiitake mushrooms, and the mycelia of the transformatants grew faster. In particular, they spread into the solid substrate located in the lower part of the test tubes and bags where the oxygen was hypoxic and produced more β-glucan and plant biomass degrading enzymes compared to the original strain.

[Expression and significance of Tim-3 on peripheral blood monocytes in patients with chronic hepatitis B].

Objective: To detect T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing molecule 3(Tim-3) expression on peripheral blood monocyts (PBMs) and explore its effect on inflammatory cytokines production of PBMs in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB).

Methods: The expression of Tim-3 protein and mRNA on PBM subsets was respectively determined using flow cytometry and real-time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) in CHB patients at different phases. After PBMs were stimulated with both recombinant human galectin-9 and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in active CHB patients, the supernatants were collected to measure the levels of proinflammatory factors including TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 by ELISA.