Metabolic adaptations of YLB-09 for survival in the high-pressure environment of the deep sea.

Elucidation of the adaptation mechanisms and survival strategies of deep-sea microorganisms to extreme environments could provide a theoretical basis for the industrial development of extreme enzymes. There is currently a lack of understanding of the metabolic adaptation mechanisms of deep-sea microorganisms to high-pressure environments. The objective of this study was to investigate the metabolic regulatory mechanisms enabling a strain of the deep-sea bacterium to thrive under high-pressure conditions.

Remnant cholesterol and new-onset atrial fibrillation: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study.

Background: The relationship between remnant cholesterol (RC) and atrial fibrillation (AF) remains unclear.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to comprehensively explore the association between RC characteristics and new-onset AF.

Methods: Data from 5 follow-up visits of the ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) study were analyzed.

Effects of adipose tissues on the relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus and reduced heart rate variability: mediation analysis.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with decreased heart rate variability (HRV) with an unclear intermediate mechanism. This study aimed to conduct mediation analysis to explore the impact of various adipose tissues on the relationship between T2DM and HRV.

Methods: A total of 380 participants were enrolled for analysis, including 249 patients with T2DM and 131 non-diabetic controls.

sp. nov., isolated from deep-sea sediments.

Three Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile, chemoheterotrophic, short-rod-shaped bacteria, designated CDY1-MB1, CDY2-MB3, and BDY3-MB2, were isolated from three marine sediment samples collected in the eastern Pacific Ocean. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that these strains were related to the genus and close to the type strain of F4716 (with similarities of 98.0-98.

Perirenal Fat Thickness Is Associated With Contrast-Induced Nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Undergoing Coronary Catheterization.

Deposition of adipose tissue may have a promoting role in the development of diabetic complications. This study is aimed at investigating the relationship between adipose tissue thickness and risk of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A total of 603 T2DM patients undergoing percutaneous coronary angiography or angioplasty with suspicious or confirmed stable coronary artery disease were enrolled in this study.

Characterization and humanization of VNARs targeting human serum albumin from the whitespotted bamboo shark (Chiloscyllium plagiosum).

The Shark-derived immunoglobulin new antigen receptors (IgNARs) have gained increasing attention for their high solubility, exceptional thermal stability, and intricate sequence variation. In this study, we immunized whitespotted bamboo shark (Chiloscyllium plagiosum) to create phage display library of variable domains of IgNAR (VNARs) for screening against Human Serum Albumin (HSA), a versatile vehicle in circulation due to its long in vivo half-life. We identified two HSA-binding VNAR clones, 2G5 and 2G6, and enhanced their expression in E.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists rescued diabetic vascular endothelial damage through suppression of aberrant STING signaling.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) protect against diabetic cardiovascular diseases and nephropathy. However, their activity in diabetic retinopathy (DR) remains unclear. Our retrospective cohort study involving 1626 T2DM patients revealed superior efficacy of GLP-1 RAs in controlling DR compared to other glucose-lowering medications, suggesting their advantage in DR treatment.

Coronary Sinus Metabolite 12,13-diHOME Is a Novel Biomarker for Left Atrial Remodeling in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation.

Background: 12,13-dihydroxy-9Z-octadecenoic acid (12,13-diHOME) has shown potential in protecting against heart disease, but its relationship with atrial fibrillation (AF) remains unknown.

Methods: Coronary sinus (CS) and femoral vein blood samplings were synchronously collected from AF and non-AF subjects (paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia or idiopathic premature ventricular complexes) who underwent catheter ablation. First, untargeted metabolomic profiling was performed in a discovery cohort (including 12 AF and 12 non-AF subjects) to identify the most promising CS or femoral vein metabolite.

Complete genome sequence analysis of Bacillus velezensis A5, a promising biocontrol agent from the Pacific Ocean.

Tobacco bacterial wilt (TBW) caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is a serious soil-borne disease, which seriously damages the growth of tobacco crops. Bacillus velezensis A5 was isolated from 3000 m deep-sea sediments of the Pacific Ocean, and was found to be antagonistic to TBW. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of strain A5, which has a 4,000,699-bp single circular chromosome with 3827 genes and a G + C content of 46.

Discovery, Identification, and Mode of Action of Phenolics from Marine-Derived Fungus as Antibacterial Wilt Agents.

The bacterial wilt caused by seriously affects crop yield and safety and is difficult to control. Biological activity-guided screening led to the isolation of 11 phenolic compounds including three undescribed compounds (carnemycin H-I and stromemycin B) from the secondary metabolites of a marine-derived . One new compound is an unusual phenolic dimer.

Complete genome sequence of Bacillus cereus Z4, a biocontrol agent against tobacco black shank, isolated from the Western Pacific Ocean.

Bacillus species have been considered as promising biological control agents due to their excellent antimicrobial ability. Bacillus cereus strain Z4 was isolated from 2000 m deep sea sediments of the Western Pacific Ocean, which possesses significant antifungal activity against Phytophthora nicotianae, the pathogenic fungus of tobacco black shank disease. To reveal the underlying antifungal genetic mechanisms, here, we report the complete genomic sequence of the strain Z4.

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor may not prevent atrial fibrillation in patients with heart failure: a systematic review.

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF) frequently coexist because of their similar pathological basis. However, whether sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i), a novel class of anti-HF medication, decreases the risk of AF in HF patients remains unclear.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between SGLT2i and AF in HF patients.

Sustained Upregulation of Endothelial Nox4 Mediates Retinal Vascular Pathology in Type 1 Diabetes.

NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) is a major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in retinal endothelial cells (ECs) and is upregulated under hyperglycemic and hypoxic conditions. However, the role of endothelial Nox4 upregulation in long-term retinal blood vessel damage in diabetic retinopathy (DR) remains undefined. Here, we attempted to address this question using humanized EC-specific Nox4 transgenic (hNox4EC-Tg) and EC-specific Nox4 knockout (Nox4EC-KO) mouse models.

Proteomic Analysis of Retinal Mitochondria-Associated ER Membranes Identified Novel Proteins of Retinal Degeneration in Long-Term Diabetes.

The mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane (MAM) is the physical contact site between the ER and the mitochondria and plays a vital role in the regulation of calcium signaling, bioenergetics, and inflammation. Disturbances in these processes and dysregulation of the ER and mitochondrial homeostasis contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR). However, few studies have examined the impact of diabetes on the retinal MAM and its implication in DR pathogenesis.

Redistribution of adipose tissue is associated with left atrial remodeling and dysfunction in patients with atrial fibrillation.

Objective: Adipose tissue is recognized as a crucial regulator of atrial fibrillation (AF). However, the effect of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) on the pathophysiology of AF might be different from that of other adipose tissues. The purpose of this study was to explore the distribution features of different adipose tissues in AF patients and their relationships with left atrial (LA) remodeling and function.

Monocyte to High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Ratio Is Associated with Subclinical Left Cardiac Remodeling and Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Chronic inflammation is involved in the development of heart failure (HF) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, reliable and easily accessible biomarker of subclinical left cardiac remodeling and dysfunction remains a challenge.Overall, 1020 patients with T2DM without overt HF were enrolled from May 2019 to April 2020.

Bacteroides ovatus-mediated CD27 MAIT cell activation is associated with obesity-related T2D progression.

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is highly associated with obesity. However, the factors that drive the transition from excessive weight gain to glucose metabolism disruption are still uncertain and seem to revolve around systemic immune disorder. Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, which are innate-like T cells that recognize bacterial metabolites, have been reported to be altered in obese people and to lead to metabolic dysfunction during obesity.

New Sorbicillinoids with Tea Pathogenic Fungus Inhibitory Effect from Marine-Derived Fungus H8.

Four new dimeric sorbicillinoids (- and ) and a new monomeric sorbicillinoid () as well as six known analogs (-) were purified from the fungal strain H8, which was obtained from mangrove sediment, and showed potent inhibitory activity against the tea pathogenic fungus (). The planar structures of - were assigned by analyses of their UV, IR, HR-ESI-MS, and NMR spectroscopic data. All the compounds were evaluated for growth inhibition of tea pathogenic fungus .

The feasibility and safety of a simple method for coronary sinus blood sampling during catheter ablation of arrhythmias.

Background: Coronary sinus (CS) blood sampling gives an insight into the localized pathophysiology of heart diseases. However, additional specifically-designed or modified catheters were needed in most previous studies, making the convenience of clinical application unsatisfactory. This study aimed to introduce a simple method for CS blood sampling without using additional catheters during catheter ablation (CA) of arrhythmias, and to investigate its feasibility and safety.

Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals that Changes in Gene Expression Contribute to Microbacterium sediminis YLB-01 Adaptation at Low Temperature Under High Hydrostatic Pressure.

Microbes living in extreme environments often adopt strategies for survival, however, only a few studies have examined the adaptive mechanism of deep-sea bacteria in in-situ environments. In this study, transcriptomic data of the deep-sea piezotolerant and psychrotolerant actinomycete Microbacterium sediminis YLB-01 under the conditions of NPNT (normal temperature and pressure: 28 °C, 0.1 MPa), HPNT (normal temperature and high pressure: 28 °C, 30 MPa), NPLT (low temperature and atmospheric pressure: 4 °C, 0.