Geographical characteristics and influencing factors of the influenza epidemic in Hubei, China, from 2009 to 2019.

Influenza is an acute respiratory infectious disease that commonly affects people and has an important impact on public health. Based on influenza incidence data from 103 counties in Hubei Province from 2009 to 2019, this study used time series analysis and geospatial analysis to analyze the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of the influenza epidemic and its influencing factors. The results reveal significant spatial-temporal clustering of the influenza epidemic in Hubei Province.

PgtE Enzyme of Shares the Similar Biological Roles to Plasminogen Activator (Pla) in Interacting With DEC-205 (CD205), and Enhancing Host Dissemination and Infectivity by .

, the cause of plague, is a newly evolved Gram-negative bacterium. Through the acquisition of the plasminogen activator (Pla), gained the means to rapidly disseminate throughout its mammalian hosts. It was suggested that utilizes Pla to interact with the DEC-205 (CD205) receptor on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to initiate host dissemination and infection.

Trans-ethnic genome-wide association study of severe COVID-19.

COVID-19 has caused numerous infections with diverse clinical symptoms. To identify human genetic variants contributing to the clinical development of COVID-19, we genotyped 1457 (598/859 with severe/mild symptoms) and sequenced 1141 (severe/mild: 474/667) patients of Chinese ancestry. We further incorporated 1401 genotyped and 948 sequenced ancestry-matched population controls, and tested genome-wide association on 1072 severe cases versus 3875 mild or population controls, followed by trans-ethnic meta-analysis with summary statistics of 3199 hospitalized cases and 897,488 population controls from the COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative.

Loss of the virulence plasmid by promotes its interactions with CD207 and CD209 receptors.

the cause of bacillary dysentery, belongs to Gram-negative enteropathogenic bacteria. contains a 210 kb virulence plasmid that encodes an O-antigen gene cluster of LPSs. However, this virulence plasmid is frequently lost during replication.

Respiratory bacterial pathogen spectrum among COVID-19 infected and non-COVID-19 virus infected pneumonia patients.

COVID-19 positive (194) and negative (212) pneumonia patients were selected to analyze bacterial pathogens coinfection. Results showed that 50% of COVID-19 patients were coinfected or carried bacterial pathogens. Bordetella pertussis infection rate was significantly higher in positive patients.

Identification of Bredeney Resistant to Third-Generation Cephalosporins in Saudi Arabia.

The rapidly increasing prevalence and spread of antibiotic-resistant worldwide have become a thorny problem that poses a serious threat to human health. It is speculated that antibiotic abuse, frequent traveling, and mass gatherings accelerate this threat. To explore this hypothesis, we investigated 13 isolates from Medina, Saudi Arabia and 15 from China as the control group using typical methods of serotype identification, antibiotic resistance tests, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST).

Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Interacts with CD209 Receptors To Promote Host Dissemination and Infection.

serovar Typhimurium, a Gram-negative bacterium, can cause infectious diseases ranging from gastroenteritis to systemic dissemination and infection. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this bacterial dissemination have yet to be elucidated. A study indicated that using the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) core as a ligand, Typhimurium was able to bind human dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing nonintegrin (hCD209a), an HIV receptor that promotes viral dissemination by hijacking antigen-presenting cells (APCs).

Association of Exposure to Ambient Fine Particulate Matter Constituents With Semen Quality Among Men Attending a Fertility Center in China.

Ambient fine particulate matter (PM) exposure has been linked to decreased semen quality, but the associations between PM constituent exposures and semen quality remain unknown. We enrolled 1081 men whose partners underwent assisted reproductive technology procedures in Wuhan, China in 2014-2015, and examined their semen quality. Daily average concentrations of PM constituents including 10 metals/metalloid elements and 4 water-soluble ions were continuously determined for 1 week per month at 2 fixed monitoring stations.

Invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae infection among hospitalized patients in Jingzhou city, China, 2010-2012.

Background: Streptococcus pneumoniae (Sp) is a leading cause of bacterial pneumonia, meningitis, and sepsis and a major source of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) is defined as isolation of Sp from a normally sterile site, including blood or cerebrospinal fluid. The aim of this study is to describe outcomes as well as clinical and epidemiological characteristics of hospitalized IPD case patients in central China.

Short-term effects of ambient air pollution on pediatric outpatient visits for respiratory diseases in Yichang city, China.

Previous studies have suggested that short-term exposure to ambient air pollution was associated with pediatric hospital admissions and emergency room visits for certain respiratory diseases; however, there is limited evidence on the association between short-term air pollution exposure and pediatric outpatient visits. Our aim was to quantitatively assess the short-term effects of ambient air pollution on pediatric outpatient visits for respiratory diseases. We conducted a time-series study in Yichang city, China between Jan 1, 2014 and Dec 31, 2015.

Spatio-Temporal Pattern and Influencing Factors of Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS) in Hubei Province (China) between 2005 and 2014.

Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS) is considered as a globally distributed infectious disease, which results in many deaths annually in Hubei Province, China. The outbreak of HFRS is usually characterized with spatio-temporal heterogeneity and is seasonally distributed. Further, it might also be impacted by the influencing factors such as socio-economic and geographical environment.

Construction of a Seasonal Difference-Geographically and Temporally Weighted Regression (SD-GTWR) Model and Comparative Analysis with GWR-Based Models for Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS) in Hubei Province (China).

Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is considered a globally distributed infectious disease which results in many deaths annually in Hubei Province, China. In order to conduct a better analysis and accurately predict HFRS incidence in Hubei Province, a new model named Seasonal Difference-Geographically and Temporally Weighted Regression (SD-GTWR) was constructed. The SD-GTWR model, which integrates the analysis and relationship of seasonal difference, spatial and temporal characteristics of HFRS (HFRS was characterized by spatiotemporal heterogeneity and it is seasonally distributed), was designed to illustrate the latent relationships between the spatio-temporal pattern of the HFRS epidemic and its influencing factors.

Clinical characteristics and factors associated with severe acute respiratory infection and influenza among children in Jingzhou, China.

Background: Influenza is an important cause of respiratory illness in children, but data are limited on hospitalized children with laboratory-confirmed influenza in China.

Methods: We conducted active surveillance for severe acute respiratory infection (SARI; fever and at least one sign or symptom of acute respiratory illness) among hospitalized pediatric patients in Jingzhou, Hubei Province, from April 2010 to April 2012. Data were collected from enrolled SARI patients on demographics, underlying health conditions, clinical course of illness, and outcomes.

Epidemiology, Seasonality and Treatment of Hospitalized Adults and Adolescents with Influenza in Jingzhou, China, 2010-2012.

Background: After the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) pandemic, we conducted hospital-based severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) surveillance in one central Chinese city to assess disease burden attributable to influenza among adults and adolescents.

Methods: We defined an adult SARI case as a hospitalized patient aged ≥ 15 years with temperature ≥38.0°C and at least one of the following: cough, sore throat, tachypnea, difficulty breathing, abnormal breath sounds on auscultation, sputum production, hemoptysis, chest pain, or chest radiograph consistent with pneumonia.

Comparative epidemiology and virology of fatal and nonfatal cases of hand, foot and mouth disease in mainland China from 2008 to 2014.

This study aimed to analyze the epidemiology and virology of fatal and nonfatal hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) cases in Mainland China. A total of 10,714,237 survivors and 3046 deaths were reported from 2008 to 2014 June, with a case fatality rate of 0.03%.

The epidemic characteristics and changing trend of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Hubei Province, China.

Background: Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is caused by different hantaviruses within the Bunyaviridae family. HFRS is a fulminant, infectious disease that occurs worldwide and is endemic in all 31 provinces of China. Since the first HFRS case in Hubei Province was reported in 1957, the disease has spread across the province and Hubei has become one of the seriously affected areas in China with the greatest number of reported HFRS cases in the 1980's.

Clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of respiratory syncytial virus infection among children aged <5 years, Jingzhou City, China, 2011.

Severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) surveillance began in Jingzhou City, China, in 2010. A subset of 511 children aged <5 years enrolled in the SARI study during 2011 were tested for influenza and noninfluenza respiratory viral infection by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was most commonly detected.

The substantial hospitalization burden of influenza in central China: surveillance for severe, acute respiratory infection, and influenza viruses, 2010-2012.

Background: Published data on influenza in severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) patients are limited. We conducted SARI surveillance in central China and estimated hospitalization rates of SARI attributable to influenza by viral type/subtype.

Methods: Surveillance was conducted at four hospitals in Jingzhou, China from 2010 to 2012.

A multiplex reverse transcription-PCR assay for the detection of influenza A virus and differentiation of the H1, H3, H5 and H9 subtypes.

A multiplex reverse transcription-PCR (mRT-PCR) assay was developed for the rapid detection of influenza A viruses. The assay simultaneously differentiated H1, H3, H5 and H9 hemagglutinin subtypes in a single reaction mixture. Five sets of specific primers targeted to the M, H1, H3, H5 and H9 genes were used in this assay.

Evidences for intertypic and intratypic recombinant events in EV71 of hand, foot and mouth disease during an epidemic in Hubei Province, China, 2011.

Humane enterovirus 71 (HEV 71) is a common contagious agent of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) which is normally mild but can caused deaths and severe neurological complications. In April 2011, an unpredicted HFMD outbreak in Xiangyang City of Hubei Province in China resulted in a high aggregation of HFMD cases including fatal cases and many severe cases. In this study, 71 clinical specimens were collected according to the different symptoms and RNA extraction and RT-PCR amplification were performed immediately.

Host cytokine storm is associated with disease severity of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome.

Background: Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging viral disease in China, caused by SFTS virus (SFTSV). Severe SFTS patients can quickly proceed to multiorgan dysfunction and death; however, underlying pathogenic mechanisms remain unclear.

Methods: Serum samples from 15 fatal and 44 nonfatal SFTS cases were subjected to multiplex-microbead immunoassays to detect a broad spectrum of cytokines.

[Epidemiologic analysis on severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome in Hubei province, 2010].

Objective: To identify the epidemic characteristics and risk factors of an emerging infectious disease-severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) in Hubei province.

Methods: Active surveillance program on SFTS was set up in monitoring sites-hospitals, at the township level or above, in Suizhou, Huanggang and Wuhan from January to December, 2010. Specific surveillance program on SFTS was launched across the province in hospitals above the county level.

Epigenetic changes mediated by microRNA miR29 activate cyclooxygenase 2 and lambda-1 interferon production during viral infection.

Lambda-1 interferon (IFN-λ1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were reported to play an important role in host antiviral defense. However, the mechanism by which IFN-λ1 and COX2 are activated and modulated during viral infection remains unclear. In this study, we found that expression of both circulating IFN-λ1 and COX2-derived prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was coordinately elevated in a cohort of influenza patients compared to healthy individuals.