Cancer brain metastasis: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies.

Brain metastases (BMs) are the most common intracranial tumors in adults and the major cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality. The occurrence of BMs varies according to the type of primary tumors with most frequence in lung cancer, melanoma and breast cancer. Among of them, lung cancer has been reported to have a higher risk of BMs than other types of cancers with 40 ~ 50% of such patients will develop BMs during the course of disease.

Huachansu Injection induces ferroptosis in multiple myeloma through NRF2/HO-1 signaling pathway.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a common hematologic malignancy. Huachansu (HCS) is extracted from the skin of Bufo bufo gargarizans, known for its well-established and multi-target anti-tumor effect. It has been reported to be effective in treating patients with multiple myeloma but its underlying mechanism remains unclear.

Population profile and glycemic control following initiation or switch of injectable therapies in Tianjin, China: A real-world retrospective cohort study of adults with type 2 diabetes.

Aims: To evaluate characteristics and glycemic outcomes in individuals with type 2 diabetes using injectable therapies in real-world clinical practice in Tianjin, China.

Materials And Methods: Data from inpatients and outpatients receiving injectable therapies between January 2015 and December 2019 were collected from the Tianjin regional electronic medical records and retrospectively analyzed. Seven cohorts were identified, including individuals initiating injectable therapies (premixed insulin [n = 4,687], basal insulin [4,177], or glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists [541]) or switching injectable therapies (premixed insulin to basal insulin [1,298], basal insulin to premixed insulin [1,457], basal insulin to basal + bolus insulin [1,772], or glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists to basal insulin ± glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists [82]).

Global Protein Interactome Mapping in Rice Using Barcode-Indexed PCR Coupled with HiFi Long-Read Sequencing.

Establishing the protein-protein interaction network sheds light on functional genomics studies by providing insights from known counterparts. However, the rice interactome has barely been studied due to the lack of massive, reliable, and cost-effective methodologies. Here, the development of a barcode-indexed PCR coupled with HiFi long-read sequencing pipeline (BIP-seq) is reported for high throughput Protein Protein Interaction (PPI)identification.

Dissecting the anti-pancreatic cancer mechanism of gold nanorods mediate photothermal therapy through quantitative proteomics analysis.

Gold nanorods (GNRs) mediated photothermal therapy (PTT) represents a promising technique for cancer treatment, utilizing GNRs in conjunction with near-infrared (NIR) laser irradiation to convert energy into heat. In the present study, we employed PTT to induce apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells and investigated its underlying mechanisms through quantitative proteomics analysis. Initially, we established that temperatures ranging from 47 to 51°C significantly enhance cellular apoptosis without inducing necrosis.

Significant differences in knee kinematics of healthy subjects with high and low anterior tibial laxity.

Background: Anterior tibial laxity is considered to be a risk factor for knee injuries, including anterior cruciate ligament ruptures. The anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction also aims to restore anterior tibial laxity. While anterior tibial laxity is considered to be linked to dynamic knee stability, the mechanisms connecting anterior tibial laxity to these stability issues are not fully understood.

Treatment Patterns and Glycaemic Control Between 2015 and 2019 in Tianjin, China: A Real-World Study of Adults with Type 2 Diabetes.

Introduction: Diabetes is associated with a high economic burden in China; therefore, strategies to prevent diabetes, improve glycaemic control, delay disease-related complications and maintain quality of life are essential. This study was conducted to evaluate trends in treatment patterns and glycaemic control in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in real-world clinical practice in Tianjin, China.

Methods: This retrospective, cross-sectional, multicentre study analysed data from adults with T2D living in Tianjin, China between 2015 and 2019, based on information obtained from a regional electronic medical record database.

Single-Atom Co-N Sites Mediate C=N Formation via Reductive Coupling of Nitroarenes with Alcohols.

It remains challenging to construct C=N bonds due to their facile hydrogenation. Herein, a single Co atom catalyst was discovered to be active for the selective construction of C=N bonds toward the synthesis of imines and heterocycles via reductive coupling of nitroarenes with various alcohols, including inert aliphatic ones. DFT calculations and experimental data revealed that the transfer hydrogenation proceeded via the intramolecular hydride transfer and the transfer of H from the α-C-H bond to the nitro group was the rate-determining step.

Manganese Carbodiimide (MnNCN): A New Heterogeneous Mn Catalyst for the Selective Synthesis of Nitriles from Alcohols.

Earth-abundant manganese oxides (MnO) were competitive candidates when screening catalysts for ammoxidation of alcohols into nitriles due to their redox property. However, over-oxidation and possible acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of nitriles into amides still limited the application of MnO in nitrile synthesis. In this work, manganese carbodiimide (MnNCN) was first reported to be robust for the ammoxidation of alcohols into nitriles, avoiding over-oxidation and the hydrolysis.

The potential role of heparin-binding protein in neonatal sepsis: research progress.

Neonatal sepsis is a major global health challenge, leading to significant morbidity and mortality in newborns. The search for precise biomarkers for its early prediction in clinical settings has been ongoing, with heparin-binding protein (HBP) emerging as a promising candidate. Originating from granules in neutrophils, HBP is released into the bloodstream in response to infection and plays a pivotal role in the body's inflammatory response.

Targeting the Cascade Amplification of Macrophage Colony-stimulating Factor to Alleviate the Immunosuppressive Effects Following Radiotherapy.

Radiotherapy (RT) serves as the primary treatment for solid tumors. Its potential to incite an immune response against tumors both locally and distally profoundly impacts clinical outcomes. However, RT may also promote the accumulation of immunosuppressive cytokines and immunosuppressive cells, greatly impeding the activation of antitumor immune responses and substantially limiting the effectiveness of RT.

Case Report: Taking action or standing by: managing a preterm neonate at the risk of neonatal varicella by metagenomic next-generation sequencing.

Neonatal varicella is indeed a rare condition, and most infants born to mothers with varicella have a good prognosis. However, in exceptional cases, neonatal varicella can be life-threatening, particularly for preterm infants. Therefore, it is vital to make an early diagnosis or predict the risk of neonatal varicella to ensure prompt treatment and improve prognosis.

Opportunity Analysis of Phosphorus Recovery from Municipal Wastewater for Cropland Based on the Simulated Vehicle Transport Distance in the Yangtze River Delta, China.

With the rapid depletion of phosphate rocks and increasing agricultural demand, establishing a phosphorus (P) flow "loop" rather than a one-way trajectory between cropland and urban areas was imperative. Recovering P from municipal wastewater stood as a viable strategy to mitigate reliance on traditional P-containing chemical fertilizer. This study analyzed the intricate relationships between the potentials of P recovery from municipal wastewater and the P demand of croplands in the populated Yangtze River Delta (YRD), China.

Case report: Acute severe hyponatremia-induced seizures in a newborn: a community-acquired case and literature review.

Severe neonatal hyponatremia represents a critical electrolyte imbalance with potentially severe neurological outcomes, a condition rarely documented in community-acquired, full-term newborns. This report underscores a unique case of a 23-day-old, previously healthy, full-term male neonate experiencing severe hyponatremia that precipitated seizures, underscoring the urgency of prompt recognition and intervention. The neonate presented with symptoms including vomiting, groaning, chills, fixed staring, and limb tremors.

Final analysis of a phase II trial of neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy for locoregionally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Objectives: Neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy has shown promising results for resectable, locoregionally advanced (LA) head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (L/A HNSCC). We published the first phase II trial of neoadjuvant camrelizumab combined with chemotherapy in resectable, L/A HNSCC, demonstrating it was safe and feasible with favorable pathological complete response (pCR). Here, we report the final analysis results for neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy in L/A HNSCC (minimum 2.

Changes in the combination of the triglyceride-glucose index and obesity indicators estimate the risk of cardiovascular disease.

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is closely associated with the triglyceride glucose (TyG) index and its related indicators, particularly its combination with obesity indices. However, there is limited research on the relationship between changes in TyG-related indices and CVD, as most studies have focused on baseline TyG-related indices.

Methods: The data for this prospective cohort study were obtained from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study.

Peripheral extracellular vesicles in neurodegeneration: pathogenic influencers and therapeutic vehicles.

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis epitomize a class of insidious and relentless neurological conditions that are difficult to cure. Conventional therapeutic regimens often fail due to the late onset of symptoms, which occurs well after irreversible neurodegeneration has begun. The integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) further impedes efficacious drug delivery to the central nervous system, presenting a formidable challenge in the pharmacological treatment of NDDs.

B-cell lymphoma with cytokine storm in serosal effusion: A case report and literature review.

Rationale: Cytokine storm is now considered to be a systemic inflammatory response, but local cytokine storm may exist in systemic diseases of the blood system. Monitoring of regional cytokine storm is an important clue for the diagnosis of systemic diseases.

Patient Concerns: A 72-years-old male presented to our hospital with multiple serosal effusion without solid mass or enlarged lymph nodes.

Retrospective Clinical Observation of Correlation between Galectin-3 and Early Herpes Zoster Neuralgia and Post-herpetic Neuralgia.

Background: Herpes Zoster Neuralgia (HZN) and Post-Herpetic Neuralgia (PHN) are neuropathic pain conditions following Varicella Zoster Virus infection. PHN primarily affects individuals aged 60 and above and the pervasive and severe neuropathic pain in PHN leads to significant emotional and psychological distress in approximately 80%-90% of patients, precipitating a decline in their overall quality of life and that of their families. Galectin-3, a pro-inflammatory factor, is implicated in inflammatory responses, potentially influencing neuronal damage and pain signal transmission.

Heterogeneity and tumoral origin of medulloblastoma in the single-cell era.

Medulloblastoma is one of the most common malignant pediatric brain tumors derived from posterior fossa. The current treatment includes maximal safe surgical resection, radiotherapy, whole cranio-spinal radiation and adjuvant with chemotherapy. However, it can only limitedly prolong the survival time with severe side effects and relapse.