Individualized and Biomarker-Based Prognosis of Longitudinal Cognitive Decline in Early Symptomatic Alzheimer's Disease.

Background: Although individualized models using demographic, MRI, and biological markers have recently been applied in mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a similar study is lacking for patients with early Alzheimer's disease (AD) with biomarker evidence of abnormal amyloid in the brain.

Objective: We aimed to develop prognostic models for individualized prediction of cognitive change in early AD.

Methods: A total of 421 individuals with early AD (MCI or mild dementia due to AD) having biomarker evidence of abnormal amyloid in the brain were included in the current study.

Characterizing the clinical heterogeneity of early symptomatic Alzheimer's disease: a data-driven machine learning approach.

Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is highly heterogeneous, with substantial individual variabilities in clinical progression and neurobiology. Amyloid deposition has been thought to drive cognitive decline and thus a major contributor to the variations in cognitive deterioration in AD. However, the clinical heterogeneity of patients with early symptomatic AD (mild cognitive impairment or mild dementia due to AD) already with evidence of amyloid abnormality in the brain is still unknown.

Virgin coconut oil attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced depression-like behaviors: Integrating network pharmacology analysis and molecular mechanism evaluation.

Depression is a mental disease that seriously affects the quality of life. Its pathophysiology is complex and includes neuroinflammation and apoptosis. Virgin coconut oil (VCO) is a natural food that has been found to have remarkable anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic properties.

Uncovering heterogeneous cognitive trajectories in mild cognitive impairment: a data-driven approach.

Background: Given the complex and progressive nature of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), the ability to delineate and understand the heterogeneous cognitive trajectories is crucial for developing personalized medicine and informing trial design. The primary goals of this study were to examine whether different cognitive trajectories can be identified within subjects with MCI and, if present, to characterize each trajectory in relation to changes in all major Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers over time.

Methods: Individuals with a diagnosis of MCI at the first visit and ≥ 1 follow-up cognitive assessment were selected from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative database (n = 936; age 73 ± 8; 40% female; 16 ± 3 years of education; 50% APOE4 carriers).

YAP signaling in horizontal basal cells promotes the regeneration of olfactory epithelium after injury.

The horizontal basal cells (HBCs) of olfactory epithelium (OE) serve as reservoirs for stem cells during OE regeneration, through proliferation and differentiation, which is important in recovery of olfactory function. However, the molecular mechanism of regulation of HBC proliferation and differentiation after injury remains unclear. Here, we found that yes-associated protein (YAP) was upregulated and activated in HBCs after OE injury.

Astrocytic YAP protects the optic nerve and retina in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model through TGF-β signaling.

Optic neuritis is one of main symptoms in multiple sclerosis (MS) that causes visual disability. Astrocytes are pivotal regulators of neuroinflammation in MS, and astrocytic yes-associated protein (YAP) plays a critical role in neuroinflammation. Meanwhile, YAP signaling is involved in visual impairment, including glaucoma, retinal choroidal atrophy and retinal detachment.

Lower Plasma Total Testosterone Levels Were Associated With Steeper Decline in Brain Glucose Metabolism in Non-demented Older Men.

Objective: There is growing evidence that testosterone may be implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We aimed to examine the relationship between plasma total testosterone levels and change in brain glucose metabolism over time among non-demented older people.

Methods: The association of plasma total testosterone levels with change in brain glucose metabolism among non-demented older people was investigated cross-sectionally and longitudinally.

SARM1 promotes neuroinflammation and inhibits neural regeneration after spinal cord injury through NF-κB signaling.

Axonal degeneration is a common pathological feature in many acute and chronic neurological diseases such as spinal cord injury (SCI). SARM1 (sterile alpha and TIR motif-containing 1), the fifth TLR (Toll-like receptor) adaptor, has diverse functions in the immune and nervous systems, and recently has been identified as a key mediator of Wallerian degeneration (WD). However, the detailed functions of SARM1 after SCI still remain unclear.

Sex Difference in the Association of APOE4 with Memory Decline in Mild Cognitive Impairment.

Our aim was to examine whether the influence of apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) genotype on cognitive decline differs in male and female across the Alzheimer's disease (AD) continuum. Among individuals with normal cognition (NC; n = 415), mild cognitive impairment (MCI; n = 870), and AD (n = 334), we investigated the longitudinal associations of APOE4 genotype and sex with cognitive decline over 13 years. Our cognitive outcomes were Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) total learning score and delayed recall and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score.

The Relationship Between Hippocampal Volumes and Delayed Recall Is Modified by APOE ε4 in Mild Cognitive Impairment.

To investigate whether APOE ε4 affects the association of verbal memory with neurodegeneration presented by the hippocampal volume/intracranial volume ratio (HpVR). The study sample included 371 individuals with normal cognition (NC), 725 subjects with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), and 251 patients with mild Alzheimer's disease (AD) from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) who underwent the rey auditory verbal learning test (RAVLT). Multiple linear regression models were conducted to assess the effect of the APOE ε4HpVR interaction on RAVLT in all subjects and in each diagnostic group adjusting for age, gender and educational attainment, and global cognition.