Publications by authors named "Xiwen Qin"

Background: The prevalence of dementia is increasing worldwide and many people with the condition require some level of palliative care. However, the trajectories of function and symptom burden in palliative care services at the end of life remain unclear. This study aimed to describe and compare the longitudinal trajectories of function and symptom burden among patients with dementia between hospital versus palliative community care services in the last two weeks of life.

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Early screening of breast cancer through image recognition technology can significantly increase the survival rate of patients. Therefore, breast cancer pathological image is of great significance for medical diagnosis and clinical research. In recent years, numerous deep learning models have been applied to breast cancer image classification, with deep CNN being a typical representative.

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Background: Metabolic disorders exhibit strong inflammatory underpinnings and vice versa. This study aimed to investigate the association between metabolic health status, genetic predisposition, and the risk of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and to explore the potential benefits of maintaining ideal metabolic status for individuals with a predetermined genetic risk of IBD.

Method: This population-based prospective study included 385,820 unrelated European descent participants from the UK Biobank.

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Article Synopsis
  • Scientists studied how special immune cells called ILCs develop from their precursors (ILCPs) and found that this process is affected by DNA changes in the body.
  • They discovered that a protein called TET1 is important because it helps control ILC1 cells, and when it's not working well, ILC1s grow too much.
  • They also realized that the gut bacteria can influence this process by changing levels of TET1, which affects how these immune cells develop and function in the stomach.
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Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are commonly used for gastric acid-related disorders, but their safety profile and risk stratification for high-burden diseases need further investigation. Analyzing over 2 million participants from five prospective cohorts from the US, the UK, and China, we found that PPI use correlated with increased risk of 15 leading global diseases, such as ischemic heart disease, diabetes, respiratory infections, and chronic kidney disease. These associations showed dose-response relationships and consistency across different PPI types.

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Bio-inspired optimization algorithms are competitive solutions for engineering design problems. Chicken swarm optimization (CSO) combines the advantages of differential evolution and particle swarm optimization, drawing inspiration from the foraging behavior of chickens. However, the CSO algorithm may perform poorly in the face of complex optimization problems because it has a high risk of falling into a local optimum.

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An accurate passenger flow forecast can provide key information for intelligent transportation and smart cities, and help promote the development of smart cities. In this paper, a mixed passenger flow forecasting model based on the golden jackal optimization algorithm (GJO), variational mode decomposition (VMD) and boosting algorithm was proposed. First, the data characteristics of the original passenger flow sequence were extended.

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Article Synopsis
  • Some people are more likely to get bladder cancer because of their genes, but living a healthy lifestyle can help lower that risk!
  • In a study with nearly 376,000 people, those who lived healthily had about 50% less chance of getting bladder cancer, even if they had high genetic risk!
  • The best way to prevent bladder cancer is to live an optimal lifestyle, as this helps everyone, especially those with a higher genetic risk!
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The uncontrolled release of nitrophenol and dye pollutants into water systems is an increasingly serious worldwide concern, and thus efficient wastewater treatment technologies are urgently needed. Herein we report a novel two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides and/or nitrides (TiCT MXene) membrane modified with silver nanowires (AgNWs) by vacuum assisted filtration technology for the ultrafast nitrophenol catalysis and water purification applications. Regular and controllable membrane transport channels were constructed by stacking TiCT MXene nanosheets.

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Objective: The objective of this review is to examine the association between proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and neurological and/or psychiatric disorders in adults.

Introduction: The association between PPIs and neurological and/or psychiatric disorders remains unclear, despite the widespread use of the medications. A systematic review is required to investigate the risk of developing neurological and/or psychiatric disorders following the use of PPIs.

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Article Synopsis
  • Recent studies suggested a link between proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use and higher biliary tract cancer (BTC) risk, but confounding factors were not properly controlled.
  • The research involved a pooled analysis from three large cohorts, totaling over 600,000 cancer-free participants, to assess the relationship between PPI use and BTC risk.
  • Findings showed that, after adjusting for confounders, there was no significant association between PPI use and BTC or its subtypes in the analyzed populations.
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Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare incidences of adverse events of special interest (AESI) and delirium in 3 cohorts: after COVID-19 vaccination, prepandemic, and SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test positive.

Design: This is a population-based cohort study using electronic medical records linked with vaccination records in Hong Kong.

Setting And Participants: A total of 17,449 older people with dementia received at least 1 dose of CoronaVac (n = 14,719) or BNT162b2 (n = 2730) between February 23, 2021, and March 31, 2022.

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Background COVID-19 vaccines have demonstrated effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 infection, hospitalization, and mortality. The association between vaccination and risk of cardiovascular complications shortly after SARS-CoV-2 infection among patients with cardiovascular disease remains unknown. Methods and Results A case-control study was conducted with cases defined as patients who had myocardial infarction or stroke within 28 days after SARS-CoV-2 infection between January 1, 2022 and August 15, 2022.

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  • The study analyzed benzodiazepine (BZD) and Z-drug consumption trends from 2008 to 2018 across 67 countries using pharmaceutical sales data.
  • BZD usage decreased by 1.88% yearly, while Z-drug use rose by 3.28%, with European countries showing the highest consumption levels.
  • Higher usage rates were linked to increased GDP and the prevalence of various medical conditions, indicating a need for more research on the safety and implications of BZD and Z-drug use, particularly in patients with existing health issues.
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  • The study identifies Nur77 as a new intracellular sensor for lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in macrophages, which is essential for NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
  • Nur77 binds directly to LPS and forms a complex with mitochondrial DNA, highlighting its role in sensing bacterial components and signaling inflammation.
  • The absence of Nur77 leads to reduced immune responses to endotoxins, suggesting its crucial function in the body's defense mechanism.
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Aims: Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) have a higher risk of ischaemic stroke or systemic embolism, with a greater risk for female patients. This study aims to evaluate the risk of ischaemic stroke or systemic embolism and bleeding following COVID-19 vaccination in patients with AF and the sex differences.

Methods And Results: Self-controlled case series (SCCS) analysis was conducted to evaluate the risk of ischaemic stroke or systemic embolism and bleeding following BNT162b2 or CoronaVac in patients with AF, using the territory-wide electronic medical records from the Hospital Authority and vaccination records from the Department of Health in Hong Kong.

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Emotion recognition is of a great significance in intelligent medical treatment and intelligent transportation. With the development of human-computer interaction technology, emotion recognition based on Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals has been widely concerned by scholars. In this study, an EEG emotion recognition framework is proposed.

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The intestinal microbiota plays an important role in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. However, the effect of tissue-resident commensal bacteria on CRC immune surveillance remains poorly understood. Here, we analyzed the intratissue bacteria from CRC patient colon tissues.

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Purpose: Non-adherence to heart failure (HF) medications is associated with poor outcomes. We used restricted cubic splines (RCS) to assess the continuous relationship between adherence to renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (RASI) and β-blockers and long-term outcomes in senior HF patients.

Methods: We identified a population-based cohort of 4234 patients, aged 65-84 years, 56% male, who were hospitalised for HF in Western Australia between 2003 and 2008 and survived to 1-year post-discharge (landmark date).

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Background: Polypharmacy among older people represents a global challenge due to its association with adverse drug events. The reported prevalence of polypharmacy varies widely across countries, and is particularly high in Asian countries. However, there is no multinational study using standardised measurements exploring variations in prescribing trends.

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Background: Multimorbidity is a prevalent risk factor for COVID-19-related complications and death. We sought to evaluate the association of homologous booster vaccination using BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) or CoronaVac (Sinovac) with COVID-19-related deaths among people with multimorbidity during the initial Omicron wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: Using routine clinical records from public health care facilities in Hong Kong, we conducted a territory-wide retrospective cohort study comparing people aged 18 years or older with 2 or more chronic conditions who received a homologous booster (third) dose with those who received only 2 doses, between Nov.

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In addition to lipid-lowering effects, statins might modulate the gut microbiome and alleviate systematic inflammation, which in turn, may have a protective effect against irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The aim of our study was to evaluate the gender-specific association between statin exposure and the risk of IBS. We undertook a prospective analysis based on the United Kingdom Biobank, a large ongoing cohort including 477,293 participants aged 37-73 years.

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Microarray technology has developed rapidly in recent years, producing a large number of ultra-high dimensional gene expression data. However, due to the huge sample size and dimension proportion of gene expression data, it is very challenging work to screen important genes from gene expression data. For small samples of high-dimensional biomedical data, this paper proposes a two-stage feature selection framework combining Wrapper, embedding and filtering to avoid the curse of dimensionality.

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Objective: Medication adherence is considered an important risk factor for sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP), although measurement accuracy is difficult. Using prescription dispensations, this study aims to estimate antiseizure medication (ASM) adherence and identify adherence patterns that influence epilepsy mortality.

Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study of tertiary epilepsy outpatients seen at St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, from January 1, 2012 until December 31, 2017.

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