Fertilization as the most critical factor affecting yield response and agronomic efficiency of phosphorus in Chinese rice production: evidence from multi-location field trials.

Background: Efficient utilization of phosphorus (P) has been a major challenge for sustainable agriculture. However, the responses of fertilizer rate, region, soil properties, cropping systems and genotypes to P have not been investigated comprehensively and systematically.

Results: A comprehensive analysis of 9863 fertilizer-P experiments on rice cultivation in China showed that rice yield  increased first and then fell down with the addition of P fertilizer, and the highest yield of 7963 kg ha was observed under 100% P treatment.

High-Sensitivity Pressure Sensors Based on a Low Elastic Modulus Adhesive.

With the rapid development of intelligent applications, the demand for high-sensitivity pressure sensor is increasing. However, the simple and efficient preparation of an industrial high-sensitivity sensor is still a challenge. In this study, adhesives with different elastic moduli are used to bond pressure-sensitive elements of double-sided sensitive grids to prepare a highly sensitive and fatigue-resistant pressure sensor.

Sunlight-Driven Continuous Flapping-Wing Motion.

Light-driven actuators that directly convert light into mechanical work have attracted significant attention due to their wireless advantage and ability to be easily controlled. However, a fundamental impediment to their application is that the continuous motion of light-driven flexible actuators usually requires a periodically switching light source or the coordination of other additional hardware. Here, for the first time, continuous flapping-wing motion under sunlight is realized through the utilization of a simple nanocrystalline metal polymer bilayer structure without the coordination of additional hardware.

An ultra-large deformation bidirectional actuator based on a carbon nanotube/PDMS composite and a chitosan film.

Actuating materials can convert external stimuli (humidity, light, electricity, etc.) into mechanical energy and realize multiple forms of movements. However, a majority of current actuating materials are driven by a single stimulus with a small degree of actuation and rough control which is unfavorable for practical applications.

[Development of Researches on the Underlying Mechanism of Acupuncture Stimulation of Baliao-points for Improving Outlet Obstruction Constipation].

Outlet obstruction constipation (OOC) is a common clinical problem affecting many people's daily life quality nowadays. Acupuncture therapy is effective in easing OOC to reduce patients' sufferings by stimulation of Baliao-points i. e.

[Research progress on quantification of electroacupuncture parameters].

By reviewing literature, summarization and generalization are respectively pertormed according to different electroacupunture (EA) parameters. Based on the understanding of clinical and experimental usage of EA parameters, effects of different parameters are summarized, and a preliminary evaluation is done to point out the advantages and disadvantages. It is found out that different EA parameters would produce different effects on the body, and researches are more in the field of experimental area and less in the clinical area.

[Thinking on current treatment situation of acupuncture foe functional defecation disorders].

In order to optimize acupuncture treatment protocol for functional defecation disorders, literature during past 20 years is reviewed, and factors which influences acupuncture therapeutic effect are analyzed from aspects of acupoint, acupuncture technique, etc. As for the selection of acupoint, more attention should be paid on the use of Baliao, especially Zhongliao (BL 33) and Xialiao (BL 34); when Baliao is deeply needled, it is essential to acquire scientific technique. The relationship between acupuncture parameter (including electroacupuncture waveform and frequency), acupuncture techniques (including reinforcing and reducing technique, quantity of stimulation, etc.

The Effectiveness of Electroacupuncture for Functional Constipation: A Randomized, Controlled, Clinical Trial.

Background. Electroacupuncture (EA) has been reported to treat functional constipation (FC). The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of EA with different needle insertion method for FC.

[Research and thinking on needling sensation of acupoint Huantiao (GB 30)].

Taken Huantiao (GB 30) as breakthrough point, acupuncture manipulations of generating various needling sensations by different physicians are sorted. Types of acupoint needling sensations and conducting directions after acupuncture and all kinds of factors that affect needling sensations are analyzed from new perspectives. It is considered that attention should be paid to acupoint location, postures of patients, manipulation methods, types of needling sensations, transmission lines and duration time of needling sensations, etc.

Design of a viscose based solid amine fiber: effect of its chemical structure on adsorption properties for carbon dioxide.

A solid amine fiber VF-AM-TETA was designed with viscose (VF) substrate for efficient CO2 capture, where its hydroxyl groups could serve synergizing effect in CO2-amine reaction. When grafting modification and subsequent amination were applied to VF, effect of structures of grafting monomers as well as amines on its CO2 adsorption properties was taken into account. Amines with different 1° and 2° amine ratios were investigated as amination agents in terms of amine efficiency, so as to afford the fibrous adsorbent with maximum effective reactive amine sites for CO2 capturing.

Surface molecular imprinting on polypropylene fibers for rhodamine B selective adsorption.

A surface molecular imprinted fiber (MIF-B) for rhodamine B (RhB) was prepared by bonding polyethylenimine (PEI) onto polypropylene (PP) fibers and subsequently cross-linking with epichlorohydrin (ECH) in the presence of RhB. The chemical structures of composites in each synthetic step were traced by FTIR analyses. The MIF-B exhibited excellent static and dynamic adsorption properties for RhB.

Comparative enantioseparation of seven triazole fungicides on (S,S)-Whelk O1 and four different cellulose derivative columns.

The comparative enantioseparation of seven chiral triazole fungicides on a Pirkle type (S,S)-Whelk O1 chiral column and four different cellulose derivative columns, namely cellulose tribenzoate (CTB), cellulose tris(4-methylbenzoate) (CTMB), cellulose triphenylcarbamate (CTPC), and cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenyl carbamate) (CDMPC), in normal phase mode is described. The seven triazole fungicides investigated were tebuconazole, hexaconazole, myclobutanil, diniconazole, uniconazole, paclobutrazol, and triadimenol. The chiral separation of each solute was investigated with ethanol, n-propanol, iso-propanol, and n-butanol, respectively, as polar modifier in the hexane mobile phase.

Effect of the mobile phase on the retention behavior of optical isomers of the mandelic acid derivative methyl 2-phenyl-2-(tetrahydropyranyloxy) acetate by chiral HPLC.

Conditions for separation of enantiomers of a mandelic acid derivative, methyl 2-phenyl-2-(tetrahydropyranyloxy) acetate (the analyte) were studied. Because of the presence of two chiral carbons, the analyte consists of four stereoisomers stable at ambient temperature. Chiral HPLC of the analyte resulted in four peaks, using an (S,S)-Whelk-O1 column with the mobile phase consisting of hexane and the t-butyl methyl ether (TBME).

The study of enantioseparation of zolmitriptan on vancomycin-bonded chiral stationary phase.

In this study, the chiral stationary phase was prepared by bonding vancomycin to 5 microm spherical silica gel according to "one-pot" synthetic strategies, and used to separate the enantiomers of zolmitriptan under polar ionic mode. The influences of mobile phase composition, such as the concentration and ratio of glacial acetic acid (HOAc) and triethylamine (TEA), on the enantioseparation were investigated, and the chiral recognition mechanism is discussed. It was found experimentally that the retention factors were increased with the increase of the HOAc/TEA concentration in a certain extent, and the ionic interactions, hydrogen bondings, and steric interactions may play key role together.

Separation and identification of cis and trans isomers of 2-butene-1,4-diol and lafutidine by HPLC and LC-MS.

The cis and trans isomers separation of 2-butene-1,4-diol and lafutidine were studied by HPLC on two kinds of chiral columns: (S,S)-Whelk-O 1 and ChiraSpher. The isomers of 2-butene-1,4-diol can be separated on both chiral columns while the isomers of lafutidine can only be resolved on ChiraSpher column. The influence of different type and amount of mobile phase modifier on the isomers separation was extensively studied.