Effect of a Multicomponent Intervention on Pre-Frailty Status Changes in Patients Undergoing Maintenance Hemodialysis: A Randomized Controlled Study.

Pre-frailty is common in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). Without proper management, it can quickly worsen and progress into frailty, leading to various adverse clinical outcomes. Therefore, timely interventions for pre-frail MHD patients are crucial.

Epidemiological trend and age-period-cohort effects on cardiovascular disease mortality and disability-adjusted life years attributable to dietary risks and high body mass index at the regional and country level across China and Pakistan.

Background: Modifiable risk factors are major drivers of cardiovascular disease (CVD). We aimed to determine the epidemiological trend and age-period-cohort effects on CVD burden attributable to dietary risks and high body mass index (BMI) across China and Pakistan from 1990 to 2019.

Methods: Data on the all-ages and age-specific CVD burden, age-standardized CVD mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) rates were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.

[Comparision of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation between Children with Thalassemia of Different Ages].

Objective: To investigate the difference of therapeutic effects on children with thalassemia at different age after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Methods: The clinical data of children with thalassemia treated in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. The children were divided into 2-5 years old group and 6-12 years old group.

Antiviral Efficacy of Verdinexor In Vivo in Two Animal Models of Influenza A Virus Infection.

Influenza A virus (IAV) causes seasonal epidemics of respiratory illness that can cause mild to severe illness and potentially death. Antiviral drugs are an important countermeasure against IAV; however, drug resistance has developed, thus new therapeutic approaches are being sought. Previously, we demonstrated the antiviral activity of a novel nuclear export inhibitor drug, verdinexor, to reduce influenza replication in vitro and pulmonary virus burden in mice.

Repurposing Kinase Inhibitors as Antiviral Agents to Control Influenza A Virus Replication.

Influenza A virus (IAV) infection causes seasonal epidemics of contagious respiratory illness that causes substantial morbidity and some mortality. Regular vaccination is the principal strategy for controlling influenza virus, although vaccine efficacy is variable. IAV antiviral drugs are available; however, substantial drug resistance has developed to two of the four currently FDA-approved antiviral drugs.

Verdinexor, a novel selective inhibitor of nuclear export, reduces influenza a virus replication in vitro and in vivo.

Unlabelled: Influenza is a global health concern, causing death, morbidity, and economic losses. Chemotherapeutics that target influenza virus are available; however, rapid emergence of drug-resistant strains is common. Therapeutic targeting of host proteins hijacked by influenza virus to facilitate replication is an antiviral strategy to reduce the development of drug resistance.

Targeting cell division cycle 25 homolog B to regulate influenza virus replication.

Influenza virus is a worldwide global health concern causing seasonal morbidity mortality and economic burden. Chemotherapeutics is available; however, rapid emergence of drug-resistant influenza virus strains has reduced its efficacy. Thus, there is a need to discover novel antiviral agents.

Identification of Host Kinase Genes Required for Influenza Virus Replication and the Regulatory Role of MicroRNAs.

Human protein kinases (HPKs) have profound effects on cellular responses. To better understand the role of HPKs and the signaling networks that influence influenza virus replication, a small interfering RNA (siRNA) screen of 720 HPKs was performed. From the screen, 17 HPKs (NPR2, MAP3K1, DYRK3, EPHA6, TPK1, PDK2, EXOSC10, NEK8, PLK4, SGK3, NEK3, PANK4, ITPKB, CDC2L5 (CDK13), CALM2, PKN3, and HK2) were validated as essential for A/WSN/33 influenza virus replication, and 6 HPKs (CDK13, HK2, NEK8, PANK4, PLK4 and SGK3) were identified as vital for both A/WSN/33 and A/New Caledonia/20/99 influenza virus replication.

Targeting organic anion transporter 3 with probenecid as a novel anti-influenza a virus strategy.

Influenza A virus infection is a major global health concern causing significant mortality, morbidity, and economic loss. Antiviral chemotherapeutics that target influenza A virus are available; however, rapid emergence of drug-resistant strains has been reported. Consequently, there is a burgeoning need to identify novel anti-influenza A drugs, particularly those that target host gene products required for virus replication, to reduce the likelihood of drug resistance.

MicroRNA regulation of human protease genes essential for influenza virus replication.

Influenza A virus causes seasonal epidemics and periodic pandemics threatening the health of millions of people each year. Vaccination is an effective strategy for reducing morbidity and mortality, and in the absence of drug resistance, the efficacy of chemoprophylaxis is comparable to that of vaccines. However, the rapid emergence of drug resistance has emphasized the need for new drug targets.

Copy number abnormalities in sporadic canine colorectal cancers.

Human colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the better-understood systems for studying the genetics of cancer initiation and progression. To develop a cross-species comparison strategy for identifying CRC causative gene or genomic alterations, we performed array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) to investigate copy number abnormalities (CNAs), one of the most prominent lesion types reported for human CRCs, in 10 spontaneously occurring canine CRCs. The results revealed for the first time a strong degree of genetic homology between sporadic canine and human CRCs.

Neuritogenic actions of botulinum neurotoxin A on cultured motor neurons.

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are extremely potent neuromuscular poisons that act through soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) protein cleavage to inhibit neurotransmitter release. The ability of BoNT serotype A (BoNT/A) to eliminate localized transmitter release at extremely low doses is well characterized. In the current study, we investigated the less understood characteristic of BoNT/A to induce nerve outgrowth, sometimes referred to as sprouting.

Brevetoxin-induced neural insult in the retrosplenial cortex of mouse brain.

Brevetoxins (polyether breve toxins; PbTx) are polyether neurotoxins produced by the marine dinoflagellate Karenia brevis, an organism associated with red tide blooms in the Gulf of Mexico and along the Atlantic coast from Florida to North Carolina. Brevetoxin-3 (PbTx-3) is a major component of the array of brevetoxins found in marine aerosols measured along red tide affected beaches. Humans exposed to aerosolized brevetoxins for short periods of time often suffer a variety of adverse health effects.

[Nalpha-benzylTyr1,cyclo(D-Asp5,Dap8)]- dynorphin A-(1-11)NH2 cyclized in the "address" domain is a novel kappa-opioid receptor antagonist.

The cyclic dynorphin A analogue [N(alpha)-benzylTyr(1),cyclo(D-Asp(5),Dap(8))]dynorphin A-(1-11)NH(2) (Dap = 2,3-diaminopropionic acid) exhibits nanomolar affinity (30 nM) and high selectivity (K(i) ratio (kappa/mu/delta) = 1/194/330) for kappa-opioid receptors. This analogue antagonizes dynorphin A-(1-13)NH(2) at kappa-opioid receptors in the adenylyl cyclase assay (K(B) = 84 nM). This is the first dynorphin A-based antagonist with modifications in the C-terminal "address" domain that alter efficacy and thus represents a novel selective kappa-opioid receptor antagonist.

The rabies virus glycoprotein determines the distribution of different rabies virus strains in the brain.

The contribution of rabies virus (RV) glycoprotein (G) in viral distribution in the brain was examined by immunohistochemistry following stereotaxic inoculation into the rat hippocampus. Viruses used in this study include the highly neuroinvasive challenge virus standard strains (CVS-N2C and CVS-B2C) and the nonneuroinvasive attenuated SN-10 strain, as well as SN-10-derived recombinant viruses expressing the G gene from CVS-N2C (RN2C) or CVS-B2C (RB2C). The distribution of recombinant viruses in the brain was similar to those of the parental viruses from which the G was derived.