is required for stress response and pathogenicity in .

The fungus , which impacts rice spikes, causes rice false smut (RFS), a significant prevalent disease in rice cultivation regions globally. Cytochrome genes are known to be involved in secondary metabolism and pathogenesis in various species, but studies on genes in are limited. In this research, a family gene, , was found up-regulated during invasion stage of .

De Novo Screening and Mirror Image Isomerization of Linear Peptides Targeting α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor.

As ligand-gated ion channels, nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are widely distributed in the central and peripheral nervous systems and are associated with the pathogenesis of various degenerative neurological diseases. Here, we report the results of phage display-based de novo screening of an 11-residue linear peptide (named KP1794) that targets the α7 nAChR, which is among the most abundant nAChR subtypes in the brain. Moreover, two d-peptides were generated through mirror image and/or primary sequence inverso isomerization (termed KP1794 and KP1794) and displayed improved inhibitory effects (IC = 0.

First report of Black Spot on × caused by in Guangxi, China.

× hybrid clone is an economically and ecologically important forest variety and is widely planted in Guangxi, China. Black spot, a newly found disease, occurred nearly 5333.3 hectares in an × plantation of Qinlian forest farm (N: 21.

Total stepwise solid-phase synthesis of peptide-oligonucleotide conjugates using side-chain Boc/Bu protecting groups.

A practical strategy for the total stepwise solid-phase synthesis of peptide-oligonucleotide conjugates was developed. In this strategy, the Boc/Bu protecting groups are utilized for the side chains of Trp, His, Arg, Asp, and Glu, and is deprotected in borate buffer at 90 °C to avoid depurination of the oligonucleotide caused by strong acid treatment. The advantage of this strategy is that the abovementioned amino acids are readily available in the market and the side reaction of deguanidination of the Arg residue can be avoided.

The New Salicylaldehyde ,-Propanedithioacetal Ester Enables N-to-C Sequential Native Chemical Ligation and Ser/Thr Ligation for Chemical Protein Synthesis.

The combination of distinct peptide ligation techniques to facilitate chemical protein synthesis represents one of the long-standing goals in the field. A new combination ligation method of N-to-C sequential native chemical ligation and Ser/Thr ligation (NCL-STL) is described for the first time. This method relies on the peptide salicylaldehyde ,-propanedithioacetal (SAL)-ester prepared by a new 1,3-propanedithiol-mediated reaction.

Chemical Synthesis of Native S-Palmitoylated Membrane Proteins through Removable-Backbone-Modification-Assisted Ser/Thr Ligation.

The preparation of native S-palmitoylated (S-palm) membrane proteins is one of the unsolved challenges in chemical protein synthesis. Herein, we report the first chemical synthesis of S-palm membrane proteins by removable-backbone-modification-assisted Ser/Thr ligation (RBM -assisted STL). This method involves two critical steps: 1) synthesis of S-palm peptides by a new γ-aminobutyric acid based RBM (RBM ) strategy, and 2) ligation of the S-palm RBM-modified peptides to give the desired S-palm product by the STL method.

Ginkgolides-loaded soybean phospholipid-stabilized nanosuspension with improved storage stability and in vivo bioavailability.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of soybean phospholipid, as a steric stabilizer, on improving dissolution rate, storage stability and bioavailability of ginkgolides. The ginkgolides coarse powder, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), soybean phospholipid and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) were mixed and wet-milled to prepare nanosuspension S1. Nanosuspension S2 was obtained by the same technique except adding the soybean phospholipid.

Ligation of Soluble but Unreactive Peptide Segments in the Chemical Synthesis of Haemophilus Influenzae DNA Ligase.

During the total chemical synthesis of the water-soluble globular Haemophilus Influenzae DNA ligase (Hin-Lig), we observed the surprising phenomenon of a soluble peptide segment that failed to undergo native chemical ligation. Based on dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy experiments, we determined that the peptide formed soluble colloidal particles in a homogeneous solution containing 6 m guanidine hydrochloride. Conventional peptide performance-improving strategies, such as installation of a terminal/side-chain Arg tag or O-acyl isopeptide, failed to enable the reaction, presumably because of their inability to disrupt the formation of soluble colloidal particles.

Interfacial molecular interactions based on the conformation recognition between the insoluble antitumor drug AD-1 and DSPC.

In this study, molecular interactions between the anti-cancer agent 20(R)-25-methoxyl-dammarane-3β, 12β, 20-triol (AD-1) and phospholipid 1,2-Distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DSPC) were investigated using the Langmuir film balance technique. The characteristics of binary Langmuir monolayers consisting of DSPC and AD-1 were conducted on the basis of the surface pressure-area per molecule (π-A) isotherms. It was found that the drug was able to become efficiently inserted into preformed DSPC monolayers, indicating a preferential interaction between AD-1 and DSPC.