Evaluation of the evolutionary genetics and population structure of Culex pipiens pallens in Shandong province, China based on knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations and the mtDNA-COI gene.

Background: Mosquitoes are important vectors for a range of diseases, contributing to high rates of morbidity and mortality in the human population. Culex pipiens pallens is dominant species of Culex mosquito in northern China and a major vector for both West Nile virus and Bancroftian filariasis. Insecticide application were largely applied to control the mosquito-mediated spread of these diseases, contributing to increasing rates of resistance in the mosquito population.

In Vitro and In Vivo Validation of CYP6A14 and CYP6N6 Participation in Deltamethrin Metabolic Resistance in Aedes albopictus.

The extensive use of chemical insecticides for public health and agricultural purposes has increased the occurrence and development of insecticide resistance. This study used transcriptome sequencing to screen 10 upregulated metabolic detoxification enzyme genes from Aedes albopictus resistant strains. Of these, CYP6A14 and CYP6N6 were found to be substantially overexpressed in the deltamethrin-induced expression test, indicating their role in deltamethrin resistance in Ae.

Interactions between the gut micro-community and transcriptome of Culex pipiens pallens under low-temperature stress.

Background: Culex pipiens pallens (Diptera: Culicidae) can survive at low temperature for long periods. Understanding the effects of low-temperature stress on the gut microflora and gene expression levels in Cx. pipiens pallens, as well as their correlation, will contribute to the study of the overwintering mechanism of Cx.

New insights into cypermethrin insecticide resistance mechanisms of Culex pipiens pallens by proteome analysis.

Background: Due to the development of insecticide resistance in mosquitoes, with worldwide mosquito-borne diseases resurgence in recent years, recent advances in proteome technology have facilitated a proteome-wide analysis of insecticide resistance-associated proteins in mosquitoes. Understanding the complexity of the molecular basis of insecticide resistance mechanisms employed by mosquitoes will help in designing the most effective and sustainable mosquito control methods.

Results: After 30 generations, insecticide-selected strains showed elevated resistance levels to the cypermethrin used for selection.

Effects of oxygen concentrations in modified atmosphere packaging on pork quality and protein oxidation.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of oxygen concentrations in modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on pork color and protein oxidation under refrigerated storage. Pork steaks were vacuum packaged or MAP packed with different levels of oxygen (40%, 60% and 80%), and stored for 14 days at 4 °C. After storage, the instrumental color, purge loss, cooking loss and shear fore were measured, and levels of protein oxidation in both the sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar proteins were quantified separately by the determination of carbonyl contents, thiol contents, loss of specific amino acid residues, and formation of α-aminoadipic semialdehyde.

A symbiotic gut bacterium enhances Aedes albopictus resistance to insecticide.

Background: The increasing insecticide resistance of Aedes albopictus puts many countries in Asia and Africa, including China, at great risk of a mosquito-borne virus epidemic. To date, a growing number of researches have focused on the relationship between intestinal symbiotic bacteria and their hosts' resistance to insecticides. This provides a novel aspect to the study of resistant mechanisms.

Comparative proteomics reveals mechanisms that underlie insecticide resistance in Culex pipiens pallens Coquillett.

Mosquito control based on chemical insecticides is considered as an important element of the current global strategies for the control of mosquito-borne diseases. Unfortunately, the development of insecticide resistance of important vector mosquito species jeopardizes the effectiveness of insecticide-based mosquito control. In contrast to target site resistance, other mechanisms are far from being fully understood.

Analysis of Epidemiological Changes and Prevention Effects for Malaria in Weifang, Shandong Province, China from 1957 to 2017.

Background: We aimed to conduct a retrospective analysis of the epidemiological changes and prevention effects for malaria in Weifang, Shandong Peninsula, China from 1957 to 2017.

Methods: The malaria data from a web-based reporting system were analyzed to explore malaria epidemiological characteristics and prevention effects in Weifang.

Results: Overall, 1, 704, 890 malaria cases were reported in Weifang from 1957 to 2017, of which two major malaria epidemics occurred in 1961 (827.

Effects of l-Lysine on the physiochemical properties and sensory characteristics of salt-reduced reconstructed ham.

This paper aimed to investigate the dose-effects of l-Lysine (Lys, 0.2% to 0.8%) on the water holding capacity (WHC), textural properties, water mobility and distribution, microstructures and sensory acceptance of reconstructed ham with 50% reduction of added salt.

Toward the Elimination of Malaria in China: A Retrospective Analysis of Malaria-Endemic Characteristics and Prevention Effects in Yantai, Shandong Province, 1951 to 2017.

To study the epidemiological characteristics of malaria and the effects of comprehensive malaria control implementation in Yantai, as well as to provide a scientific basis for future malaria elimination. A retrospective analysis was conducted to explore the epidemiological changes and prevention effects in Yantai from 1951 to 2017. The malaria data before 2004 were collected from paper-based annual reports, and data after 2004 came from the Infectious Diseases Information Reporting Management System.

[Study on the mechanisms underlying overwintering of using iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analysis].

Objective: To compare the difference of protein expression between the post-overwintering stage and the diapauses preparation stage in , so as to reveal the mechanisms underlying the overwintering diapause of .

Methods: A quantitative proteomic analysis was performed in before and after overwintering diapause by using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) labeling.

Results: A total of 244 differentially expressed proteins were identified in before and after overwintering diapause, including 126 up-regulated proteins and 118 down-regulated proteins.

Understanding the regulation of overwintering diapause molecular mechanisms in Culex pipiens pallens through comparative proteomics.

To reveal overwintering dormancy (diapause) mechanisms of Culex pipiens pallens (L.), global protein expression differences at three separate time points represent nondiapause, diapause preparation and overwintering diapause phases of Cx. pipiens pallens were compared using iTRAQ.

[Seasonal fluctuations of mosquitoes and application of two surveillance tools in Taibai Lake area of Jining City].

Objective: To investigate the seasonal fluctuations of mosquitoes in Taibai Lake area of Jining City, and evaluate the application effects of two mosquito trapping tools (Gongfu Xiaoshuai mosquito lamp and WJ-C mosquito sampler), so as to provide references for the effective surveillance, prevention and control of local mosquito vectors.

Methods: The overnight capture of mosquitoes with a man-bait net trap, Gongfu Xiaoshuai mosquito lamp, and WJ-C mosquito sampler was performed to collect mosquitoes. The species of adult mosquitoes and seasonal fluctuations were investigated and analyzed.

[Analysis of population genetic diversity of mosquitoes from Shandong Province based on mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene fragment].

Objective: To explore the characteristics of gene sequence of mtDNA-COⅠ of from different geographical regions in Shandong Province and different resistant strains from the lab and five common mosquito species, and analyze the genetic diversity of these mosquitoes.

Methods: Adult mosquitoes were collected from Jinan, Jining, Qingdao cities and other places in Shandong Province. The sensitive, dichlorvos-resistant, pyrethroid-resistant and propoxur-resistant strains were reared in the lab.

miR-202 Inhibits Cell Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion by Targeting Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in Human Bladder Cancer.

Recent studies have demonstrated that miR-202 is associated with several types of cancer; however, the expression and function of miR-202 have not been investigated in bladder cancer. We analyzed the expression of miR-202 in bladder cancer tissues and adjacent noncancerous tissues. The effect of miR-202 on the proliferation, migration, and invasion was evaluated by in vitro assays.

Epidemiological analysis of 133 malaria cases in Shanxian county, Shandong Province, China.

Objective: To conduct an analysis of the epidemiological changes in malaria that have occurred in Shanxian county from 2002 to 2016.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted and data were collected from web-based reporting system to explore the epidemiological characteristics in Shanxian county from 2002 to 2016. All individual case information was obtained from village malaria servicers organized by the local Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases.

Synergistic Inhibitory Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine Astragaloside IV and Curcumin on Tumor Growth and Angiogenesis in an Orthotopic Nude-Mouse Model of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Aim: The aim of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), astragaloside IV (AS-IV) and curcumin on tumor growth and angiogenesis in an orthotopic nude-mouse model of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We have previously shown the usefulness of orthotopic models of human cancer for evaluation of the efficacy of TCM.

Materials And Methods: Nude mice with orthotopic HepG2 HCC were treated with vehicle control (0.

A reassessment of the artificial infection of three predominant mosquito species with Plasmodium vivax in Shandong Province, China.

Background & Objectives: Under certain ecological circumstances, pathogens are able to rapidly adapt to new vectors. The great capacity of Plasmodium spp. to adapt to new anopheline mosquito vectors on different continents and the continuous ecological changes attributed to humans might promote their adaptation to culicine vectors, which are known to infect humans.

Tumor abnormal protein (TAP) examination contributes to primary diagnosis of bladder cancer.

Objective: This study aims to investigate the application value of tumor abnormal protein (TAP) examination in the diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder.

Method: Abnormal sugar chain glycoproteins in the peripheral blood of 87 patients with urothelial carcinoma of the bladder were detected, and compared with non-tumor patients accompanied by hematuria.

Result: TAP examination showed that the positive rate of the abnormal sugar chain glycoprotein in the peripheral blood of the 87 patients with urothelial carcinoma of the bladder was 78.

[Research Progress on the Molecular Mechanisms of Mosquito Innate Immunity].

As the important vector of the mosquito-borne diseases, mosquitos rely on their innate immune system against pathogens infection, which includes cellular immunity and humoral immunity. Both of them are interacted and coordinated, via the pattern recognition receptors, immune signaling, antimicrobial peptides, phenoloxidase-based melanization, phagocytosis, and so on. This paper reviews the research progress on the molecular mechanisms of mosquito innate immunity.

Combination Efficacy of Astragalus membranaceus and Curcuma wenyujin at Different Stages of Tumor Progression in an Imageable Orthotopic Nude Mouse Model of Metastatic Human Ovarian Cancer Expressing Red Fluorescent Protein.

Background/aim: The present study determined the efficacy of extracts of Astragalus membranaceus (AM) and Curcuma wenyujin (CW), a traditional Chinese medicine herbal mixture, at different tumor stages of an orthotopic nude mouse model of human ovarian cancer expressing red fluorescent protein.

Materials And Methods: The tumor-bearing mice were treated with cisplatinum (CDDP), AM, CW, or a combination of AM and CW in each of three tumor stages, using the same regimen. Group 1 received saline as negative control.

[Experimental observation on host preference of Anopheles sinensis].

Objective: To observe the host preference of Anopheles sinensis captured by outdoor human or cattle baits.

Methods: A large number of non-blood-fed An. sinensis females were collected by overnight trapping outdoor with human and cattle in the rice paddy field in Shan County of Shandong Province, and took back to the lab, and individually labeled as human baits group and cattle baits group, fed with mouse blood.

[Sequence analysis of ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer 2 of sympatric populations of Anopheles sinensis of different feeding preferences].

Objective: To investigate the existence of genetic divergence of sympatric populations of Anopheles sinensis of different feeding preferences based on the rDNA-ITS2 sequence differences.

Methods: A large number of wild anopheles populations were trapped all night by man-baited net and calf-baited net that had been set up between high-density natural villages of An. sinensis populations and vector-breeding sites, from which two groups of An.

Measure post-bloodmeal dispersal of mosquitoes and duration of radioactivity by using the isotope ³²P.

The radioactive isotope (32)P-labeled disodium phosphate (Na₂H(32)PO₄) was injected via the jugular vein into a cow kept in a shed in Maozhuang Village, Cao Township of Shanxian County, China. Over the following 5 d, mosquitoes feeding on the cow were captured at distances up to 400 m to determine dispersal distance. The duration of radioactivity in the cow and marked mosquitoes was 10 d.