Medial Septal Glutamatergic Neurons Modulate States of Consciousness during Sevoflurane Anesthesia in Mice.

Background: Multiple neural structures involved in maintaining wakefulness have been found to promote arousal from general anesthesia. The medial septum is a critical region that modulates arousal behavior. This study hypothesized that glutamatergic neurons in the medial septum play a crucial role in regulating states of consciousness during sevoflurane general anesthesia.

A Predictive Model of Major Postoperative Respiratory Adverse Events in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Rigid Bronchoscopy for Exploration and Foreign Body Removal.

No nomogram has been established to predict the incidence of major postoperative respiratory adverse events (mPRAEs) in children undergoing rigid bronchoscopy for airway foreign bodies (AFB) removal and exploration of the airway, though some studies have confirmed the risk factors. 1214 pediatric patients (≤3 years old) undergoing rigid bronchoscopy for AFB from June 2014 to December 2020 were enrolled in this study. The primary outcome was the occurrence of mPRAEs, including laryngospasm and bronchospasm.

Extracting keyframes of breast ultrasound video using deep reinforcement learning.

Ultrasound (US) plays a vital role in breast cancer screening, especially for women with dense breasts. Common practice requires a sonographer to recognize key diagnostic features of a lesion and record a single or several representative frames during the dynamic scanning before performing the diagnosis. However, existing computer-aided diagnosis tools often focus on the final diagnosis process while neglecting the influence of the keyframe selection.

Photodynamic effects on Fonsecaea monophora conidia and RAW264.7 in vitro.

Chromoblastomycosis (CBM), one of the neglected tropical diseases, is hard to cure and easy to be recurrent. Many studies suggest that macrophage is involved in the pathogenesis of chromoblastomycosis and the fungicidal effect of 5-Aminolaevulinic Acid-Based Photodynamic Therapy (ALA-PDT) against F. monophora (one of the main causative agent of chromoblastomycosis) has shown great promise.

Genetic transformation of fungi.

Transferring DNA into cells is an essential research method for molecular cloning and gene function studies. As molecular biology and materials physics develop, more and more new transformation methods have been applied to mammalian cells. Some techniques have been successfully developed for several types of fungi, but their efficiencies are extremely low.

Sevoflurane inhibits embryonic stem cell self-renewal and subsequent neural differentiation by modulating the let-7a-Lin28 signaling pathway.

The commonly used inhalational anesthetic, sevoflurane, can cause toxicity to the central nervous system of the developing fetus. Lin28 has been reported to regulate let-7a, thereby modulating embryo development, neurodegeneration, and even neuron-related tumorigenesis. We demonstrate that pregnant mice receiving sevoflurane treatment during the early stage of pregnancy give birth to fewer offspring presenting a lower birth weight.

Detection of Talaromyces marneffei from Fresh Tissue of an Inhalational Murine Pulmonary Model Using Nested PCR.

Penicilliosis marneffei, often consecutive to the aspiration of Talaromyces marneffei (Penicillium marneffei), continues to be one of the significant causes of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients in endemic regions such as Southeast Asia. Improving the accuracy of diagnosing this disease would aid in reducing the mortality of associated infections. In this study, we developed a stable and reproducible murine pulmonary model that mimics human penicilliosis marneffei using a nebulizer to deliver Talaromyces marneffei (SUMS0152) conidia to the lungs of BALB/c nude mice housed in exposure chamber.

Isoflurane Damages the Developing Brain of Mice and Induces Subsequent Learning and Memory Deficits through FASL-FAS Signaling.

Background. Isoflurane disrupts brain development of neonatal mice, but its mechanism is unclear. We explored whether isoflurane damaged developing hippocampi through FASL-FAS signaling pathway, which is a well-known pathway of apoptosis.

The miR-29b-Sirt1 axis regulates self-renewal of mouse embryonic stem cells in response to reactive oxygen species.

Endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) control is important for the maintenance of self-renewal of embryonic stem (ES) cells. Although miRNAs have been found to be critically involved in the regulation of the self-renewal, whether miRNAs can regulate the signaling axis to control ROS in ES cells is unclear. Here we show that miR-29b specifically regulates the self-renewal of mouse ES cells in response to ROS generated by antioxidant-free culture.