Nanomaterials in Medicine: Understanding Cellular Uptake, Localization, and Retention for Enhanced Disease Diagnosis and Therapy.

Nanomaterials (NMs) have emerged as promising tools for disease diagnosis and therapy due to their unique physicochemical properties. To maximize the effectiveness and design of NMs-based medical applications, it is essential to comprehend the complex mechanisms of cellular uptake, subcellular localization, and cellular retention. This review illuminates the various pathways that NMs take to get from the extracellular environment to certain intracellular compartments by investigating the various mechanisms that underlie their interaction with cells.

Comparisons of Forecasting for Survival Outcome for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma by using Machine Learning Models based on Multi-omics.

Machine learning methods showed excellent predictive ability in a wide range of fields. For the survival of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC), its multi-omics influence is crucial. This study attempts to establish a variety of machine learning multi-omics models to predict the survival of HNSC and find the most suitable machine learning prediction method.

LncSSBP1 Functions as a Negative Regulator of IL-6 Through Interaction With hnRNPK in Bronchial Epithelial Cells Infected With .

(TM) is an important opportunistic pathogenic fungus capable of causing disseminated lethal infection. In our previous study, we identified host lncRNAs and mRNAs that are dysregulated in TM-infected bronchial epithelial cells. In this report, we verified that IL-6, a key factor in acute inflammatory response, is down-regulated in TM pathogenesis.

Genomic analysis provides insights into the transmission and pathogenicity of Talaromyces marneffei.

Talaromyces marneffei (T. marneffei) is a medically important opportunistic dimorphic fungus that infects both humans and bamboo rats. However, the mechanisms of transmission and pathogenicity of T.

Lentivirus-mediated shRNA Targeting CNN2 Inhibits Hepatocarcinoma and .

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors with a high rate of mortality. Our previous study shows the expression of calponin 2 (CNN2) is up-regulated in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues, especially in metastatic ones. To better understand the role of CNN2 in HCC, RNA interference (RNAi) was used to explore its role in tumor growth and metastasis.

Microsatellite analysis of genetic diversity in the .

The Chinese tree shrew () has long been proposed to serve as an animal model for studying human diseases. However, its overall genetic diversity and population structure remain largely unknown. In the present study, we investigated the genetic diversity of population microsatellite DNA in wild .

Acute Penicillium marneffei infection stimulates host M1/M2a macrophages polarization in BALB/C mice.

Background: Penicillium marneffei (P. marneffei) is a thermally dimorphic fungus pathogen that causes fatal infection. Alveolar macrophages are innate immune cells that have critical roles in protection against pulmonary fungal pathogens and the macrophage polarization state has the potential to be a deciding factor in disease progression or resolution.

Transcriptome Sequencing of to Identify Genes and Enzymes Involved in Triterpenoid Biosynthesis.

(), a creeping herbaceous perennial with many important medicinal properties, is widely distributed in Asia. Gypenosides (triterpenoid saponins), the main effective components of , are well studied. FPS (farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase), SS (squalene synthase), and SE (squalene epoxidase) are the main enzymes involved in the synthesis of triterpenoid saponins.

Expression profile of lncRNA in human bronchial epithelial cells response to Talaromyces marneffei infection: A microarray analysis.

Talaromyces marneffei is an important opportunistic pathogenic fungus capable of causing systemic lethal infection through inhalation of its conidia. However, little is known about the pathogenesis and interactions between Talaromyces marneffei and host. The aim of this study was to identify potential long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and coding genes associated with interactions between airway epithelial cell and Talaromyces marneffei conidia.

Senescence marker protein 30 (SMP30) serves as a potential prognostic indicator in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Senescence marker protein 30 (SMP30) has been identified as a tumor-related molecule of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Its clinical significance and underlying mechanisms in HCC tissues, however, remain largely unexplored. We have demonstrated a preferentially expressed SMP30 in normal liver using a tissue microarray.

High expression and frequently humoral immune response of melanoma-associated antigen D4 in glioma.

MAGE-D4 is a novel member of MAGE super-family. It has preliminarily been demonstrated that MAGE-D4 mRNA is not expressed in majority of normal tissues except for brain and ovary in which only trace amount of MAGE-D4 mRNA can be detected, but predominantly expressed in glioma. MAGE-D4 protein expression and its immunogenicity in glioma have not been elucidated well.

Glycine insertion at protease cleavage site of SNAP25 resists cleavage but enhances affinity for botulinum neurotoxin serotype A.

The light chain of botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT/A-LC) is a Zn-dependent protease that specifically cleaves SNAP25 of the SNARE complex, thereby impairing vesicle fusion and neurotransmitter release at neuromuscular junctions. The C-terminus of SNAP25 (residues 141-206) retains full activity for BoNT/A-LC-catalyzed cleavage at P1-P1' (Gln197-Arg198). Using the structure of a complex between the C-terminus of SNAP25 and BoNT/A-LC as a model to design SNAP25-derived pseudosubstrate inhibitors (SNAPIs) that prevent presentation of the scissile bond to the active site, we introduced multiple His residues to replace Ala-Asn-Gln-Arg (residues 195-198) at the substrate cleavage site, with the intent to identify possible side-chain interactions with the active site Zn.

MoDUO1, a Duo1-like gene, is required for full virulence of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae.

Duo1, a major component of the Dam1 complex which has been found in two species of yeast (the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisae and the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe), is involved in mitosis-related chromosome segregation, while its relevance to pathogenicity in filamentous fungi remains unclear. This report elucidated this very fact in the case of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. A gene designated MoDUO1 that encodes a Duo1-like homolog (MoDuo1) was discovered in the M.

CYP1, a hypovirus-regulated cyclophilin, is required for virulence in the chestnut blight fungus.

Cyclophilins are peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerases that are highly conserved throughout eukaryotes and are the cellular target of the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporin A (CsA). We cloned cyp1, a cyclophilin A-encoding gene in the phytopathogenic fungus Cryphonectria parasitica, and showed that this gene was downregulated following infection by a virulence-attenuating hypovirus. The function of cyp1 was further investigated by construction of a cyp1 deletion mutant.

Nm23-H1 suppresses hepatocarcinoma cell adhesion and migration on fibronectin by modulating glycosylation of integrin beta1.

Background: Nm23 gene was isolated as a metastatic suppressor gene. The antimetastatic effect of Nm23 has been an enigma for more than 10 years. Little is known about its molecular mechanisms.

Effect of IPP5, a novel inhibitor of PP1, on apoptosis and the underlying mechanisms involved.

Genes encoding apoptosis-inducing proteins are postulated to be candidate tumour suppressors. The identification of such proteins may benefit the early diagnosis and therapy of tumours. In the present study, we characterized the function of a novel human BMSC (bone marrow stromal cell)-derived protein {IPP5 [inhibitor-5 of PP1 (protein phosphatase 1)]} by large-scale random sequencing of a human BMSC cDNA library.

[Fingerprints identification of Gynostemma pentaphyllum by RAPD and cloning and analysis of its specific DNA fragment].

Objective: To identify the resources of Gynostemma pentaphyllum and its spurious breed plant Cayratia japonica at level of DNA.

Methods: Two random primers ( WGS001, WGS004) screened were applied to do random amplification with genomic DNA extracted from Gynostemma pentaphyllum and Cayratia japonica which were collected from different habitats. After amplificated with WGS004, one characteristic fragment about 500 bp which was common to all Gynostemma pentaphyllum samples studied but not to Cayratia japonica was cloned and sequenced.

Large-scale expressed sequence tag analysis for the chestnut blight fungus Cryphonectria parasitica.

Cryphonectria parasitica is the causal fungal agent responsible for the chestnut blight disease. We report the generation of 14,263 expressed sequence tags representing 6318 unisequences for the fungus. Functional annotation of these unisequences revealed different gene expression patterns for wild-type and hypovirus-infected cultures at the sporulation stage and allowed the reconstruction of key C.

Deletion of the cpku80 gene in the chestnut blight fungus, Cryphonectria parasitica, enhances gene disruption efficiency.

The chestnut blight fungus, Cryphonectria parasitica, and associated virulence-attenuating hypoviruses have emerged as an important model system for studying molecular mechanisms underlying fungal-plant pathogenic interactions. As more gene sequence information becomes available as a result of C. parasitica express sequence tags (ESTs) and ongoing whole genome sequencing projects, the development of an efficient gene disruption system has become an urgent need for functional genomics studies of this important forestry pathogen.

Genome sequence, full-length infectious cDNA clone, and mapping of viral double-stranded RNA accumulation determinant of hypovirus CHV1-EP721.

Cryphonectria parasitica strain EP721 is infected with a strain of hypovirus CHV1, CHV1-EP721, and exhibits typical hypovirulence-associated traits such as reduced pigmentation and reduced asexual sporulation. However, the accumulation of the viral double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) in this hypovirus-infected C. parasitica strain is atypically low.

[Apoptosis of hepatocarcinoma cell line HLE induced by the combination of wild type P53 gene and 1,2:5,6-dianhydro-3,4-diacetylgalactitol].

Background & Objective: P53 gene is a tumor suppressor gene,and its mutation in human tumor cells is frequently observed. Previous studies revealed that wild type p53 (wt-p53)gene can suppress proliferation ,and induce apoptosis of tumor cells. However,the enhancive effect of wt-p53 on apoptosis of tumor cells is not so obvious when it is used alone.